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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Ottawa - Gatineau (Ontario part / partie de l'Ontario)
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 2 = 21.7 %
Selected sociocultural characteristics (60) Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
Total - Income statistics in 2010Footnote 3 Without income With income Median incomeFootnote 4 Average incomeFootnote 5 Without after-tax income With after-tax income Median after-tax incomeFootnote 6 Average after-tax incomeFootnote 7 Total - Employment income statistics in 2010Footnote 8 With employment income Median employment incomeFootnote 9 Average employment incomeFootnote 10 With wages and salaries Median wages and salariesFootnote 11 Average wages and salariesFootnote 12
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity 749,525 33,920 715,605 39,625 49,657 34,075 715,455 35,193 40,746 749,525 542,535 40,865 50,003 507,165 42,473 50,248
Aboriginal identityFootnote 13 15,305 695 14,610 30,253 40,838 695 14,610 27,679 34,859 15,300 11,215 35,385 43,396 10,650 37,885 44,586
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 14 8,470 425 8,045 28,013 40,135 425 8,045 25,500 34,681 8,465 6,095 32,040 43,443 5,775 33,502 44,739
Métis single identity 5,640 225 5,420 35,120 42,261 225 5,415 32,021 35,497 5,645 4,290 40,532 44,238 4,065 42,488 45,428
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 500 25 480 29,177 39,727 25 475 25,583 33,316 500 390 28,624 39,390 375 28,647 39,844
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 15 130 0 120 38,381 36,373 0 120 34,541 31,949 130 95 35,000 38,868 90 38,485 41,802
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 16 565 20 545 25,514 39,033 15 545 23,781 33,142 560 350 22,343 37,985 340 22,279 37,944
Non-Aboriginal identity 734,225 33,225 701,000 39,823 49,841 33,375 700,845 35,332 40,869 734,225 531,320 41,002 50,143 496,515 42,585 50,369
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian statusFootnote 17 749,525 33,920 715,605 39,625 49,657 34,075 715,455 35,193 40,746 749,530 542,530 40,865 50,003 507,165 42,473 50,248
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 18 4,515 210 4,300 31,749 45,708 210 4,300 28,561 39,690 4,515 3,325 38,190 49,136 3,115 40,565 51,210
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 745,015 33,710 711,305 39,664 49,681 33,860 711,155 35,226 40,752 745,010 539,210 40,897 50,009 504,050 42,495 50,242
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 19 749,525 33,920 715,605 39,625 49,657 34,070 715,455 35,193 40,746 749,525 542,535 40,865 50,003 507,165 42,473 50,248
Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 20 29,235 1,380 27,855 35,038 44,170 1,390 27,850 31,841 37,140 29,235 22,250 37,382 45,358 21,095 38,872 46,082
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestryFootnote 21 21,915 1,095 20,825 33,714 43,770 1,105 20,815 30,503 36,855 21,915 16,475 35,985 45,317 15,570 37,743 46,119
Métis ancestry 7,280 295 6,985 40,357 45,434 295 6,980 35,967 38,059 7,275 5,715 42,008 45,991 5,470 42,999 46,510
Inuit ancestry 775 45 730 30,240 46,025 50 730 29,614 38,050 775 600 28,740 44,357 585 30,076 44,933
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyFootnote 22 720,285 32,535 687,755 39,816 49,879 32,685 687,605 35,315 40,892 720,290 520,285 41,034 50,202 486,075 42,629 50,429
Total - Generation statusFootnote 23 749,525 33,920 715,605 39,625 49,657 34,070 715,455 35,193 40,746 749,525 542,535 40,865 50,003 507,165 42,473 50,248
First generationFootnote 24 207,470 9,875 197,590 31,646 44,286 9,905 197,565 29,026 36,792 207,470 137,150 35,838 47,211 125,645 38,201 48,229
Second generationFootnote 25 124,905 8,440 116,460 42,505 51,866 8,450 116,455 37,481 42,320 124,905 91,710 42,226 51,103 86,050 43,529 50,706
Third generation or moreFootnote 26 417,155 15,600 401,555 42,701 51,660 15,715 401,435 37,493 42,235 417,155 313,675 42,917 50,902 295,470 44,185 50,973
Total - Population by visible minorityFootnote 27 749,525 33,920 715,605 39,625 49,657 34,070 715,455 35,193 40,746 749,525 542,535 40,865 50,003 507,165 42,473 50,248
Total visible minority populationFootnote 28 157,590 12,845 144,740 25,897 38,121 12,860 144,725 24,423 32,253 157,585 107,265 31,043 41,725 100,570 32,304 42,140
South AsianFootnote 29 26,600 1,835 24,765 32,175 45,390 1,845 24,760 29,651 37,538 26,600 18,670 39,417 49,328 17,510 40,112 49,702
Chinese 27,775 1,655 26,125 30,567 43,929 1,650 26,125 28,305 36,624 27,775 19,180 41,487 50,226 18,215 43,176 50,890
Black 36,280 3,675 32,600 25,205 33,635 3,685 32,595 23,867 29,079 36,275 24,895 26,856 34,862 23,620 27,741 35,506
Filipino 8,455 680 7,775 27,390 34,014 680 7,775 25,218 29,442 8,460 6,645 28,129 34,329 6,480 28,334 34,386
Latin American 8,785 615 8,170 25,095 34,704 615 8,170 23,621 29,758 8,785 6,365 28,913 37,161 5,885 29,088 36,984
Arab 23,890 2,410 21,480 20,466 34,051 2,410 21,480 20,021 29,063 23,890 14,215 26,019 39,429 12,775 28,183 39,923
Southeast AsianFootnote 30 11,030 720 10,305 26,500 36,443 725 10,305 24,667 30,745 11,025 7,625 31,891 40,566 7,145 33,034 40,837
West AsianFootnote 31 6,030 540 5,490 21,602 35,304 540 5,490 21,406 30,166 6,030 3,820 26,279 39,812 3,505 27,517 39,344
Korean 1,625 135 1,485 19,189 34,164 140 1,485 18,778 29,069 1,625 1,125 23,701 36,334 1,010 28,348 36,486
Japanese 1,500 95 1,400 28,155 42,537 95 1,400 25,062 35,612 1,495 930 34,869 47,212 860 38,648 48,340
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 32 1,605 115 1,490 29,592 36,883 115 1,490 26,109 31,528 1,600 975 39,544 42,144 945 39,638 42,414
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 33 4,020 365 3,655 26,388 37,059 365 3,655 25,186 31,529 4,020 2,820 30,269 39,367 2,615 30,539 39,482
Not a visible minorityFootnote 34 591,940 21,070 570,870 43,114 52,582 21,205 570,730 37,821 42,899 591,940 435,270 43,546 52,043 406,595 45,023 52,254
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 35 749,525 33,920 715,605 39,625 49,657 34,070 715,455 35,193 40,746 749,525 542,530 40,865 50,003 507,165 42,473 50,248
Non-immigrantsFootnote 36 546,905 24,275 522,635 42,671 51,738 24,395 522,515 37,499 42,276 546,910 409,295 42,794 50,989 385,185 44,024 50,952
ImmigrantsFootnote 37 192,775 8,825 183,945 32,539 44,838 8,860 183,915 29,850 37,281 192,770 127,845 36,355 47,349 116,820 38,973 48,550
Before 1981 59,160 395 58,765 42,446 55,133 420 58,745 37,137 44,927 59,165 32,015 44,923 56,870 27,890 50,011 59,718
1981 to 1990 32,215 485 31,730 36,425 47,681 490 31,720 32,909 39,495 32,215 24,805 41,900 51,701 22,250 44,391 53,337
1991 to 2000 52,030 2,075 49,955 30,688 42,336 2,075 49,950 28,434 35,470 52,030 39,070 36,682 46,441 36,555 39,100 47,533
2001 to 2009 42,745 3,215 39,530 22,357 32,915 3,215 39,535 21,525 28,379 42,745 29,580 26,132 36,547 27,830 27,132 36,963
2001 to 2005 23,390 1,615 21,780 25,407 36,892 1,610 21,780 24,086 31,388 23,390 16,810 31,034 40,479 15,780 32,337 41,180
2006 to 2009 19,360 1,605 17,750 19,465 28,036 1,605 17,750 19,003 24,688 19,360 12,765 22,403 31,368 12,050 22,446 31,440
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 38 749,525 33,920 715,605 39,625 49,657 34,070 715,455 35,193 40,746 749,525 542,530 40,865 50,003 507,165 42,473 50,248
English 455,140 19,135 436,005 42,092 52,141 19,220 435,915 37,010 42,492 455,140 340,920 41,497 51,078 319,410 42,818 51,087
French 116,365 4,150 112,215 45,118 51,742 4,200 112,160 39,332 42,539 116,365 83,025 47,256 52,317 78,290 48,407 52,606
Non-official language 163,560 9,590 153,965 29,416 42,145 9,610 153,950 27,280 35,269 163,560 108,350 34,979 45,818 99,745 36,992 46,675
Aboriginal 430 0 420 29,139 93,059 0 420 25,487 87,617 425 295 38,419 122,292 285 38,471 124,255
Non-Aboriginal 163,130 9,585 153,545 29,416 42,005 9,605 153,525 27,283 35,125 163,135 108,060 34,978 45,612 99,460 36,989 46,452
English and French 3,040 130 2,910 27,469 37,700 125 2,915 26,065 31,884 3,040 2,100 27,622 37,418 2,010 31,462 38,402
English and non-official language 8,700 685 8,015 27,358 38,228 685 8,015 25,475 32,189 8,700 6,335 30,028 40,634 6,040 30,597 41,072
French and non-official language 2,415 195 2,220 28,289 36,967 195 2,215 25,944 31,646 2,415 1,660 30,065 39,304 1,535 33,200 40,615
English, French and non-official language 315 35 275 17,768 29,027 35 275 17,768 24,405 315 145 27,937 39,583 130 27,927 32,315
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 39 749,525 33,920 715,605 39,625 49,657 34,070 715,455 35,193 40,746 749,525 542,535 40,865 50,003 507,165 42,473 50,248
English 603,095 27,260 575,830 39,429 49,973 27,360 575,730 35,028 40,923 603,095 442,530 40,099 49,925 413,030 41,630 50,167
French 124,640 4,805 119,830 44,066 50,834 4,855 119,785 38,606 41,899 124,640 88,650 46,296 51,551 83,680 47,533 51,852
English and French 13,640 1,200 12,445 27,693 41,638 1,200 12,445 26,342 34,724 13,640 9,505 30,932 44,226 8,760 33,564 43,729
Neither English nor French 8,150 650 7,500 16,686 19,937 650 7,500 16,667 18,689 8,150 1,845 18,725 24,073 1,700 19,010 24,497

Symbol(s)

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not available for a specific reference period

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not applicable

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Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

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Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

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Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 4

For population with income.

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Footnote 5

For population with income.

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Footnote 6

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 8

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 9

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 11

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 13

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 14

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.


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Footnote 15

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 16

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 17

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 18

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 19

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 20

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 21

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 22

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 23

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 24

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 25

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 26

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 27

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 28

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 29

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 30

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 31

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 33

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 35

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 36

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 38

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 39

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.

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