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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Oshawa
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 2 = 28.3 %
Selected sociocultural characteristics (60) Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
Total - Income statistics in 2010Footnote 3 Without income With income Median incomeFootnote 4 Average incomeFootnote 5 Without after-tax income With after-tax income Median after-tax incomeFootnote 6 Average after-tax incomeFootnote 7 Total - Employment income statistics in 2010Footnote 8 With employment income Median employment incomeFootnote 9 Average employment incomeFootnote 10 With wages and salaries Median wages and salariesFootnote 11 Average wages and salariesFootnote 12
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity 285,520 16,580 268,940 34,816 43,652 16,660 268,860 31,522 36,434 285,520 203,035 36,454 44,766 191,320 38,036 45,750
Aboriginal identityFootnote 13 4,825 460 4,365 26,996 37,228 460 4,365 24,575 31,767 4,825 3,355 30,459 38,121 3,250 31,645 38,659
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 14 2,880 310 2,565 25,656 36,267 310 2,560 23,269 31,017 2,875 1,915 29,007 37,748 1,875 30,172 37,887
Métis single identity 1,655 105 1,555 30,004 38,701 105 1,550 27,687 32,901 1,655 1,285 30,481 37,755 1,225 31,679 38,939
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 65 0 55 50,468 50,823 0 60 45,348 42,762 60 55 49,420 46,597 55 49,420 46,597
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 15 30 0 25 12,735 26,876 0 30 12,607 25,119 30 20 12,733 19,339 15 12,733 19,339
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 16 195 35 160 13,629 35,450 35 165 13,629 30,151 195 80 49,532 50,365 80 49,532 50,365
Non-Aboriginal identity 280,695 16,125 264,575 34,903 43,758 16,205 264,495 31,619 36,511 280,695 199,680 36,607 44,877 188,070 38,156 45,873
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian statusFootnote 17 285,525 16,585 268,935 34,816 43,652 16,665 268,860 31,522 36,434 285,520 203,035 36,454 44,766 191,320 38,036 45,750
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 18 1,310 85 1,225 25,600 35,355 85 1,225 22,968 30,413 1,305 870 30,572 39,470 840 32,453 40,463
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 284,215 16,500 267,710 34,849 43,690 16,580 267,630 31,558 36,462 284,210 202,160 36,480 44,789 190,480 38,057 45,774
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 19 285,520 16,585 268,940 34,816 43,652 16,665 268,860 31,522 36,434 285,520 203,035 36,454 44,766 191,315 38,036 45,750
Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 20 9,235 775 8,460 28,818 37,704 775 8,460 26,933 32,157 9,235 6,275 34,014 40,413 5,975 35,786 41,453
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestryFootnote 21 7,345 650 6,690 27,124 36,698 650 6,690 24,650 31,369 7,340 4,855 34,009 39,751 4,630 35,875 40,645
Métis ancestry 1,865 120 1,745 35,695 41,263 120 1,745 32,238 34,990 1,865 1,400 35,036 42,271 1,330 36,731 43,822
Inuit ancestry 150 0 135 35,742 43,811 0 135 32,926 37,124 150 125 42,060 43,419 125 42,094 43,929
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyFootnote 22 276,285 15,810 260,480 34,932 43,845 15,885 260,395 31,654 36,573 276,285 196,760 36,534 44,905 185,345 38,105 45,889
Total - Generation statusFootnote 23 285,520 16,585 268,935 34,816 43,652 16,660 268,860 31,522 36,434 285,520 203,035 36,454 44,766 191,320 38,036 45,750
First generationFootnote 24 55,825 1,795 54,030 33,961 44,058 1,805 54,020 31,120 37,033 55,825 35,845 38,492 47,022 33,030 40,969 48,544
Second generationFootnote 25 60,655 3,770 56,885 37,093 45,450 3,780 56,870 33,214 37,769 60,655 44,300 39,005 46,671 41,975 40,639 47,398
Third generation or moreFootnote 26 169,050 11,020 158,025 34,382 42,866 11,075 157,970 31,119 35,749 169,045 122,890 34,935 43,421 116,315 36,382 44,363
Total - Population by visible minorityFootnote 27 285,520 16,585 268,940 34,816 43,652 16,665 268,855 31,522 36,434 285,520 203,035 36,454 44,766 191,320 38,036 45,750
Total visible minority populationFootnote 28 30,500 2,585 27,920 28,863 38,673 2,585 27,920 27,170 32,868 30,505 21,090 33,814 41,945 19,845 35,126 42,454
South AsianFootnote 29 7,110 530 6,585 27,644 40,072 525 6,585 26,149 33,753 7,110 4,895 35,926 45,186 4,600 36,849 44,799
Chinese 3,030 290 2,740 27,105 38,650 290 2,735 25,958 32,534 3,030 1,955 31,586 44,187 1,810 32,420 43,911
Black 9,945 925 9,015 30,566 36,936 925 9,015 28,074 31,984 9,940 6,660 32,630 38,501 6,290 33,891 39,125
Filipino 3,000 200 2,795 35,500 42,238 200 2,795 32,446 35,166 3,000 2,375 39,766 44,430 2,350 39,641 44,607
Latin American 1,930 170 1,755 31,644 39,440 165 1,760 29,155 33,334 1,930 1,420 33,093 42,069 1,305 34,960 43,615
Arab 870 65 805 32,371 48,823 65 805 28,915 40,354 870 615 38,891 51,083 590 39,949 52,438
Southeast AsianFootnote 30 635 20 610 24,489 34,656 25 610 24,479 29,835 635 480 27,249 36,371 455 29,987 35,550
West AsianFootnote 31 760 105 650 22,776 28,705 105 655 21,605 25,531 760 420 25,060 34,404 395 25,757 35,487
Korean 575 50 525 20,819 33,250 45 525 20,819 28,611 575 345 24,032 40,180 230 35,446 49,150
Japanese 360 0 350 28,074 41,305 0 350 25,130 34,661 360 300 26,620 39,828 265 27,417 42,018
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 32 1,175 55 1,120 33,975 41,699 60 1,115 31,915 34,729 1,175 870 40,722 45,467 830 43,802 46,885
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 33 1,125 165 960 25,403 33,007 165 960 24,350 28,667 1,125 760 26,831 35,433 725 27,468 36,798
Not a visible minorityFootnote 34 255,020 14,000 241,020 35,450 44,229 14,080 240,940 32,043 36,847 255,020 181,945 36,825 45,093 171,475 38,382 46,132
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 35 285,520 16,580 268,940 34,816 43,652 16,665 268,860 31,522 36,434 285,525 203,035 36,454 44,766 191,320 38,036 45,750
Non-immigrantsFootnote 36 230,170 14,800 215,375 35,060 43,581 14,865 215,305 31,685 36,309 230,170 167,615 35,982 44,312 158,690 37,484 45,200
ImmigrantsFootnote 37 54,365 1,685 52,680 34,096 44,195 1,700 52,665 31,229 37,146 54,370 34,810 38,886 47,140 32,035 41,531 48,699
Before 1981 29,340 290 29,045 35,631 45,636 305 29,035 32,591 38,470 29,340 16,435 40,657 47,624 15,040 43,856 49,622
1981 to 1990 8,565 135 8,425 38,763 50,824 140 8,430 34,408 41,858 8,565 6,725 43,839 53,829 6,220 46,530 54,988
1991 to 2000 9,085 530 8,550 30,686 39,983 530 8,545 28,244 33,731 9,085 6,560 36,610 45,033 5,980 39,708 46,792
2001 to 2009 6,665 485 6,180 25,880 35,534 485 6,180 24,367 30,277 6,670 4,760 30,802 39,915 4,505 33,254 40,385
2001 to 2005 4,190 235 3,955 27,662 37,204 230 3,955 26,536 31,539 4,190 3,080 35,000 41,918 2,895 36,064 42,758
2006 to 2009 2,475 250 2,220 21,522 32,558 255 2,220 21,314 28,028 2,475 1,685 25,218 36,256 1,615 27,080 36,120
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 38 285,520 16,585 268,940 34,816 43,652 16,665 268,860 31,522 36,434 285,520 203,035 36,454 44,766 191,320 38,036 45,750
English 245,495 14,970 230,525 34,924 43,586 15,045 230,450 31,612 36,350 245,495 176,625 36,026 44,424 167,035 37,667 45,356
French 5,595 165 5,430 42,237 48,947 165 5,430 37,680 40,772 5,595 4,115 46,824 49,636 3,860 48,926 51,337
Non-official language 31,835 1,270 30,565 32,155 42,977 1,275 30,565 29,617 36,138 31,835 20,485 36,622 46,190 18,720 38,703 47,509
Aboriginal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 31,820 1,270 30,550 32,177 42,992 1,270 30,550 29,628 36,151 31,820 20,470 36,651 46,216 18,710 38,756 47,539
English and French 215 0 205 30,437 46,331 0 205 25,829 37,551 215 160 30,394 38,599 140 32,039 41,672
English and non-official language 2,260 155 2,105 35,879 46,251 160 2,105 33,016 38,222 2,265 1,565 43,853 51,877 1,475 45,899 53,224
French and non-official language 115 0 105 32,361 51,761 0 105 31,209 41,968 115 85 44,102 52,073 85 44,127 52,929
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 39 285,520 16,585 268,940 34,816 43,652 16,665 268,860 31,522 36,434 285,520 203,035 36,454 44,766 191,320 38,036 45,750
English 278,700 16,255 262,445 34,769 43,635 16,335 262,365 31,468 36,413 278,695 198,590 36,184 44,692 187,155 37,872 45,662
French 5,455 175 5,280 41,386 48,146 175 5,280 37,202 40,141 5,450 3,960 46,291 49,501 3,715 48,178 51,190
English and French 415 45 370 32,567 43,537 45 375 31,159 36,694 420 325 27,135 42,106 290 31,914 44,346
Neither English nor French 950 110 845 17,270 20,777 110 845 17,162 19,785 955 160 22,622 25,506 150 21,045 24,373

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

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not applicable

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Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

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Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 4

For population with income.

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Footnote 5

For population with income.

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Footnote 6

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 8

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 9

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 11

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 13

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 14

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.


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Footnote 15

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 16

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 17

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 18

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 19

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 20

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 21

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 22

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 23

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 24

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 25

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 26

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 27

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 28

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 29

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 30

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 31

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 33

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 35

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 36

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 38

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 39

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.

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