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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Edmonton
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 2 = 25.4 %
Selected sociocultural characteristics (60) Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
Total - Income statistics in 2010Footnote 3 Without income With income Median incomeFootnote 4 Average incomeFootnote 5 Without after-tax income With after-tax income Median after-tax incomeFootnote 6 Average after-tax incomeFootnote 7 Total - Employment income statistics in 2010Footnote 8 With employment income Median employment incomeFootnote 9 Average employment incomeFootnote 10 With wages and salaries Median wages and salariesFootnote 11 Average wages and salariesFootnote 12
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity 935,285 43,550 891,730 37,243 49,266 43,745 891,535 33,503 40,901 935,285 704,935 40,626 50,664 670,035 42,011 51,460
Aboriginal identityFootnote 13 44,240 3,560 40,680 26,763 38,056 3,570 40,665 25,291 32,377 44,240 30,800 32,925 41,234 29,900 33,503 41,688
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 14 18,205 1,705 16,500 22,218 31,623 1,705 16,500 21,489 27,836 18,200 11,690 29,447 35,562 11,375 29,943 35,875
Métis single identity 23,895 1,700 22,190 31,064 42,744 1,715 22,175 28,914 35,667 23,895 17,550 34,956 45,083 17,005 35,950 45,727
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 855 90 760 31,402 39,505 90 765 30,089 33,647 855 690 34,305 37,713 665 34,587 38,238
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 15 640 35 600 35,687 37,802 35 605 32,657 33,157 640 405 38,032 40,109 400 38,017 37,456
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 16 645 25 625 23,238 39,897 20 625 22,553 33,175 650 475 33,597 44,722 460 32,948 44,818
Non-Aboriginal identity 891,050 39,990 851,055 37,735 49,802 40,180 850,870 33,889 41,309 891,045 674,130 41,050 51,095 640,135 42,270 51,916
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian statusFootnote 17 935,285 43,550 891,735 37,243 49,266 43,745 891,535 33,503 40,901 935,285 704,935 40,626 50,664 670,035 42,011 51,460
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 18 16,805 1,500 15,305 21,197 31,682 1,505 15,305 20,738 27,888 16,810 10,510 29,467 36,334 10,330 29,663 36,495
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 918,475 42,050 876,425 37,536 49,573 42,245 876,225 33,751 41,129 918,475 694,430 40,858 50,881 659,715 42,142 51,694
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 19 935,285 43,550 891,730 37,243 49,266 43,745 891,535 33,503 40,901 935,285 704,935 40,626 50,664 670,040 42,011 51,460
Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 20 53,815 4,040 49,775 29,697 40,168 4,050 49,765 27,362 33,986 53,815 38,785 34,433 43,010 37,410 34,919 43,411
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestryFootnote 21 33,050 2,660 30,390 26,900 36,715 2,670 30,380 25,527 31,604 33,055 23,080 32,310 40,009 22,270 33,095 40,284
Métis ancestry 22,080 1,480 20,600 33,682 45,287 1,480 20,600 30,648 37,549 22,080 16,520 37,630 47,558 15,930 38,113 48,072
Inuit ancestry 1,045 105 940 30,680 42,494 105 935 27,959 35,886 1,045 820 30,038 40,919 800 33,882 41,602
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyFootnote 22 881,470 39,510 841,960 37,715 49,804 39,700 841,775 33,874 41,310 881,470 666,150 41,058 51,110 632,630 42,299 51,936
Total - Generation statusFootnote 23 935,280 43,550 891,735 37,243 49,266 43,745 891,535 33,503 40,901 935,285 704,935 40,626 50,664 670,040 42,011 51,460
First generationFootnote 24 239,645 11,495 228,145 31,978 44,340 11,580 228,060 29,570 37,436 239,640 168,850 36,861 47,474 159,920 38,026 48,067
Second generationFootnote 25 176,920 8,290 168,630 36,802 50,270 8,320 168,600 33,303 41,779 176,920 123,680 40,175 51,284 115,865 42,174 52,545
Third generation or moreFootnote 26 518,720 23,770 494,950 40,076 51,194 23,845 494,870 35,513 42,199 518,720 412,405 42,515 51,785 394,255 43,764 52,517
Total - Population by visible minorityFootnote 27 935,285 43,550 891,735 37,243 49,266 43,745 891,535 33,503 40,901 935,280 704,935 40,626 50,664 670,040 42,011 51,460
Total visible minority populationFootnote 28 197,385 13,535 183,850 29,097 39,303 13,595 183,790 27,049 33,598 197,385 145,275 33,562 42,235 139,550 34,206 42,491
South AsianFootnote 29 46,440 3,220 43,220 29,409 41,773 3,270 43,170 27,314 35,436 46,440 33,890 33,827 44,357 32,265 34,577 44,388
Chinese 43,585 2,475 41,105 28,315 41,405 2,480 41,105 26,227 35,138 43,580 30,375 36,035 46,162 29,385 36,558 46,311
Black 22,530 1,935 20,595 27,453 35,513 1,940 20,590 25,864 30,912 22,530 16,370 30,050 37,277 15,755 30,907 37,858
Filipino 31,810 2,075 29,735 32,628 38,980 2,085 29,730 29,966 33,549 31,810 26,035 34,451 40,307 25,645 34,605 40,379
Latin American 11,770 900 10,870 32,051 39,689 905 10,870 29,222 33,821 11,775 9,080 34,399 42,563 8,530 35,245 43,309
Arab 10,695 760 9,935 22,642 35,336 760 9,935 22,208 30,521 10,695 7,260 29,625 40,162 6,720 31,347 40,935
Southeast AsianFootnote 30 13,015 790 12,225 30,320 38,310 790 12,225 27,750 32,741 13,020 9,775 34,595 41,879 9,480 34,739 41,997
West AsianFootnote 31 5,080 435 4,650 20,148 32,912 435 4,645 19,723 28,696 5,085 3,595 23,185 35,442 3,295 24,004 36,060
Korean 3,830 400 3,435 20,452 31,781 405 3,430 20,165 27,383 3,835 2,415 25,610 36,511 2,300 25,084 36,845
Japanese 2,090 60 2,030 31,363 41,972 65 2,030 27,780 35,182 2,090 1,620 27,857 42,376 1,510 33,185 42,073
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 32 1,690 170 1,515 29,373 42,296 170 1,515 26,325 35,778 1,690 1,265 36,147 44,061 1,180 38,389 45,755
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 33 4,840 305 4,535 29,276 36,529 305 4,535 27,016 31,447 4,840 3,595 33,721 39,850 3,495 34,474 40,427
Not a visible minorityFootnote 34 737,900 30,015 707,890 39,670 51,853 30,155 707,745 35,230 42,798 737,900 559,660 42,821 52,853 530,495 44,326 53,819
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 35 935,280 43,550 891,730 37,243 49,266 43,750 891,535 33,503 40,901 935,280 704,935 40,626 50,664 670,035 42,011 51,460
Non-immigrantsFootnote 36 698,245 32,165 666,075 39,327 50,976 32,280 665,965 34,994 42,104 698,245 538,295 42,091 51,685 512,260 43,413 52,537
ImmigrantsFootnote 37 216,460 10,280 206,180 33,147 45,478 10,365 206,095 30,496 38,355 216,465 151,430 38,205 48,523 142,860 39,443 49,252
Before 1981 67,515 770 66,745 36,011 53,074 815 66,705 32,628 44,163 67,520 38,550 45,210 59,602 34,925 48,182 62,893
1981 to 1990 33,340 525 32,810 39,109 49,178 530 32,810 35,091 41,324 33,340 25,785 44,813 53,629 24,455 45,833 54,055
1991 to 2000 42,980 1,340 41,640 32,941 42,181 1,355 41,630 30,281 35,998 42,980 33,915 36,952 44,951 32,180 37,973 45,402
2001 to 2009 61,635 3,800 57,835 29,456 38,928 3,825 57,810 27,286 33,271 61,635 47,730 31,989 41,285 45,955 32,532 41,149
2001 to 2005 32,545 1,785 30,760 31,787 41,324 1,815 30,740 29,558 35,142 32,545 25,495 34,590 43,659 24,330 35,085 43,258
2006 to 2009 29,090 2,015 27,075 26,220 36,206 2,015 27,075 25,073 31,147 29,090 22,230 29,671 38,561 21,625 29,994 38,776
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 38 935,285 43,550 891,730 37,243 49,266 43,750 891,535 33,503 40,901 935,280 704,935 40,626 50,664 670,040 42,011 51,460
English 682,540 31,290 651,255 39,780 51,630 31,410 651,130 35,275 42,578 682,545 530,005 42,175 52,208 505,075 43,462 52,998
French 22,060 565 21,495 42,417 52,733 565 21,500 37,420 43,537 22,060 16,485 47,896 54,915 15,345 49,584 56,602
Non-official language 216,610 10,745 205,865 30,274 42,008 10,810 205,805 28,230 35,741 216,615 148,025 35,513 45,283 139,635 36,765 45,961
Aboriginal 2,345 115 2,230 21,442 31,308 115 2,230 21,330 27,771 2,345 1,160 34,540 39,138 1,130 34,541 39,164
Non-Aboriginal 214,265 10,630 203,635 30,348 42,125 10,690 203,570 28,303 35,828 214,265 146,865 35,528 45,332 138,505 36,784 46,017
English and French 890 45 845 44,877 50,959 50 845 39,760 42,388 890 695 49,387 54,367 665 53,829 56,148
English and non-official language 12,545 890 11,655 31,214 39,311 895 11,650 28,615 33,714 12,545 9,320 33,803 40,867 8,925 34,506 41,500
French and non-official language 515 0 495 31,783 42,188 0 495 28,794 35,479 515 335 44,829 49,416 315 44,910 51,041
English, French and non-official language 115 0 115 23,186 31,566 0 115 23,186 28,616 115 80 21,956 21,887 80 21,961 22,089
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 39 935,285 43,550 891,730 37,243 49,266 43,745 891,540 33,503 40,901 935,280 704,935 40,626 50,664 670,040 42,011 51,460
English 899,410 41,790 857,620 37,562 49,574 41,980 857,430 33,770 41,132 899,410 683,050 40,676 50,736 649,475 42,033 51,526
French 21,235 620 20,615 42,679 52,514 615 20,620 37,553 43,338 21,230 15,895 48,099 54,862 14,865 49,684 56,303
English and French 3,540 420 3,120 24,617 35,381 420 3,120 23,624 30,765 3,540 2,410 27,105 36,965 2,275 28,488 36,409
Neither English nor French 11,100 725 10,375 17,665 21,483 735 10,370 17,539 20,054 11,100 3,575 21,763 27,523 3,425 22,017 27,965

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

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Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 4

For population with income.

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Footnote 5

For population with income.

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Footnote 6

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 8

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 9

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 11

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 13

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 14

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.


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Footnote 15

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 16

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 17

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 18

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 19

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 20

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 21

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 22

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 23

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 24

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 25

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 26

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 27

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 28

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 29

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 30

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 31

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 33

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 35

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 36

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 38

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 39

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.

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