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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Quebec / Québec^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 22.4 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 4	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 7	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 8}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,935	6,261,720	212,870	6,430,245	44,350
Male	3,170,635	2,861,420	309,220	3,012,065	158,580	3,135,825	34,815
Female	3,303,950	3,180,230	123,720	3,249,655	54,295	3,294,415	9,535
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 9}	6,474,590	6,041,655	432,940	6,261,715	212,870	6,430,240	44,350
15 to 24 years	975,100	973,965	1,140	974,710	395	975,045	60
25 to 54 years	3,291,745	2,990,255	301,495	3,150,425	141,320	3,265,360	26,385
25 to 34 years	1,017,865	982,820	35,050	1,005,200	12,670	1,016,200	1,665
35 to 44 years	1,011,675	903,775	107,900	963,270	48,405	1,002,930	8,745
45 to 54 years	1,262,205	1,103,660	158,545	1,181,960	80,240	1,246,230	15,970
55 to 64 years	1,078,380	985,645	92,735	1,028,620	49,765	1,067,030	11,355
65 years and over	1,129,365	1,091,790	37,565	1,107,965	21,395	1,122,805	6,555
65 to 74 years	677,890	652,210	25,680	663,000	14,890	673,235	4,650
75 years and over	451,470	439,580	11,890	444,965	6,500	449,575	1,900
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 10}	6,474,595	6,041,655	432,940	6,261,720	212,870	6,430,240	44,350
Married or living with a common-law partner	3,722,705	3,383,110	339,595	3,550,835	171,865	3,685,535	37,170
Married (and not separated)	2,332,765	2,111,355	221,410	2,214,900	117,865	2,305,340	27,430
Living common law	1,389,940	1,271,750	118,185	1,335,940	54,000	1,380,195	9,740
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	2,751,885	2,658,545	93,345	2,710,880	41,005	2,744,705	7,180
Single (never legally married)	1,877,920	1,830,745	47,175	1,859,050	18,875	1,875,080	2,840
Separated	98,180	91,690	6,485	94,980	3,195	97,560	620
Divorced	456,055	425,855	30,200	441,640	14,410	453,270	2,785
Widowed	319,730	310,245	9,485	315,210	4,520	318,800	935
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 11}	6,474,590	6,041,655	432,940	6,261,720	212,870	6,430,240	44,350
Total persons in households with at least one census family	5,103,225	4,733,900	369,325	4,918,655	184,570	5,064,100	39,125
Married spouses, common-law partners	3,685,380	3,347,900	337,480	3,514,625	170,750	3,648,485	36,895
Lone parents	360,670	335,660	25,010	349,470	11,195	358,770	1,895
Children in families with two parents present	649,150	646,510	2,640	648,235	910	649,065	90
Children in families with one parent present	299,495	297,240	2,255	298,630	865	299,390	105
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	69,095	67,935	1,165	68,565	530	68,985	110
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	39,435	38,660	780	39,125	315	39,405	35
Total persons in non-census family households	1,371,365	1,307,755	63,610	1,343,065	28,300	1,366,140	5,225
Living with relatives^{Footnote 13}	67,135	65,700	1,430	66,530	605	67,030	105
Living with non-relatives only	212,800	208,765	4,035	211,120	1,680	212,640	160
Living alone	1,091,435	1,033,290	58,150	1,065,415	26,020	1,086,470	4,960
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 14}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,720	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
Economic family persons	5,130,920	4,760,940	369,980	4,946,060	184,860	5,091,725	39,195
Couple family	4,377,385	4,036,835	340,550	4,205,570	171,810	4,340,370	37,010
Couple only	1,784,170	1,664,470	119,700	1,723,210	60,960	1,770,530	13,640
Couple with children	2,537,450	2,318,745	218,705	2,427,605	109,850	2,514,235	23,215
Couple with other relatives only	55,765	53,620	2,145	54,765	1,000	55,605	155
Lone-parent family	640,380	613,450	26,925	628,470	11,910	638,355	2,025
Female-parent family	489,480	474,485	14,990	483,440	6,035	488,505	965
Female-parent family with no other relatives	468,610	454,115	14,495	462,830	5,780	467,680	925
Male-parent family	150,900	138,965	11,935	145,030	5,870	149,845	1,055
Male-parent family with no other relatives	144,340	132,645	11,695	138,570	5,775	143,330	1,010
Other economic family^{Footnote 15}	113,155	110,655	2,500	112,020	1,140	112,995	160
Persons not in an economic family	1,343,670	1,280,710	62,960	1,315,660	28,010	1,338,515	5,155
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,715	212,870	6,430,240	44,350
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 16}	108,350	103,720	4,630	106,705	1,645	108,130	225
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 17}	61,780	59,545	2,235	61,015	765	61,670	110
Métis single identity	33,365	31,625	1,740	32,730	630	33,280	85
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	8,130	7,705	420	7,980	145	8,115	15
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 18}	1,230	1,180	55	1,215	10	1,230	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 19}	3,855	3,670	190	3,765	90	3,845	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	6,366,240	5,937,930	428,310	6,155,015	211,225	6,322,115	44,130
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 20}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,720	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 21}	45,735	44,110	1,630	45,185	550	45,640	100
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	6,428,850	5,997,545	431,310	6,216,530	212,320	6,384,600	44,255
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,715	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 23}	234,785	223,690	11,095	230,260	4,525	234,145	640
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 24}	200,390	191,240	9,150	196,565	3,825	199,820	570
Métis ancestry	28,100	26,530	1,575	27,545	555	28,040	60
Inuit ancestry	9,945	9,430	515	9,770	175	9,935	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 25}	6,239,805	5,817,960	421,845	6,031,460	208,350	6,196,095	43,715
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 26}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,720	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
First generation^{Footnote 27}	971,985	914,445	57,535	941,450	30,535	964,815	7,170
Second generation^{Footnote 28}	440,270	404,855	35,420	420,375	19,890	435,280	4,985
Third generation or more^{Footnote 29}	5,062,340	4,722,355	339,985	4,899,895	162,450	5,030,145	32,195
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 30}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,720	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 31}	645,945	620,685	25,265	633,330	12,615	643,360	2,590
South Asian^{Footnote 32}	63,275	60,575	2,700	61,755	1,515	62,870	405
Chinese	64,985	61,680	3,305	63,325	1,660	64,605	380
Black	178,735	173,810	4,920	176,665	2,070	178,445	285
Filipino	25,445	24,790	655	25,215	230	25,425	0
Latin American	93,820	91,570	2,255	92,860	955	93,675	140
Arab	121,400	115,825	5,580	118,450	2,950	120,725	680
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 33}	53,155	49,305	3,850	51,015	2,135	52,650	510
West Asian^{Footnote 34}	18,925	18,130	790	18,480	445	18,840	85
Korean	5,085	4,835	250	4,935	155	5,050	35
Japanese	2,995	2,740	255	2,855	140	2,970	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 35}	6,660	6,415	240	6,560	100	6,650	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 36}	11,475	11,010	460	11,210	260	11,465	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 37}	5,828,645	5,420,970	407,680	5,628,390	200,255	5,786,880	41,760
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 38}	6,474,590	6,041,655	432,940	6,261,720	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 39}	5,511,745	5,135,440	376,300	5,328,895	182,845	5,474,440	37,305
Immigrants^{Footnote 40}	902,985	848,390	54,595	874,080	28,910	896,310	6,680
Before 1981	267,465	243,375	24,090	253,245	14,225	263,755	3,710
1981 to 1990	130,680	121,395	9,285	125,625	5,055	129,610	1,070
1991 to 2000	191,050	180,275	10,775	185,955	5,095	190,155	895
2001 to 2009	265,640	255,935	9,700	261,505	4,135	264,715	925
2001 to 2005	134,755	128,635	6,115	132,205	2,550	134,190	565
2006 to 2009	130,885	127,300	3,585	129,300	1,585	130,530	360
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 41}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,720	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
English	481,405	437,320	44,095	455,915	25,490	474,520	6,890
French	5,078,510	4,738,585	339,930	4,916,415	162,095	5,046,840	31,670
Non-official language	841,640	796,285	45,355	818,120	23,525	836,235	5,405
Aboriginal	28,855	27,995	865	28,615	240	28,825	30
Non-Aboriginal	812,785	768,290	44,495	789,505	23,285	807,405	5,380
English and French	17,200	16,335	865	16,710	490	17,065	135
English and non-official language	19,445	18,235	1,205	18,785	655	19,300	140
French and non-official language	34,365	32,925	1,440	33,770	595	34,260	110
English, French and non-official language	2,030	1,975	55	2,010	20	2,030	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 42}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,715	212,870	6,430,240	44,350
English	787,425	720,190	67,230	749,135	38,285	777,495	9,930
French	5,443,045	5,087,430	355,620	5,273,520	169,525	5,409,725	33,320
English and French	200,860	191,115	9,745	195,990	4,870	199,790	1,070
Neither English nor French	43,265	42,915	350	43,070	190	43,235	25
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 43}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,720	212,870	6,430,240	44,350
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,436,025	1,421,855	14,170	1,429,555	6,470	1,434,700	1,330
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 44}	1,404,755	1,362,475	42,280	1,385,910	18,850	1,401,605	3,150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 45}	3,633,810	3,257,325	376,490	3,446,255	187,555	3,593,940	39,870
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,430,660	2,292,740	137,915	2,376,345	54,315	2,423,320	7,340
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 46}	1,049,470	1,010,560	38,910	1,035,555	13,910	1,048,020	1,455
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,075,855	1,007,185	68,670	1,049,170	26,685	1,072,270	3,595
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	305,335	274,990	30,340	291,615	13,715	303,030	2,300
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,203,150	964,575	238,575	1,069,910	133,240	1,170,620	32,530
Bachelor's degree	766,100	642,745	123,360	702,320	63,775	753,170	12,925
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 48}	437,050	321,840	115,215	367,585	69,465	417,445	19,605
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 49}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,935	6,261,715	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 50}	2,840,780	2,784,330	56,450	2,815,460	25,315	2,836,300	4,480
Education	271,705	255,940	15,765	266,715	4,995	271,120	585
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	149,010	142,670	6,340	146,120	2,885	148,535	470
Humanities	205,805	192,305	13,500	199,550	6,255	204,680	1,125
Social and behavioural sciences and law	337,675	299,045	38,630	316,875	20,805	332,520	5,155
Business, management and public administration	834,225	728,495	105,730	776,070	58,145	820,990	13,230
Physical and life sciences and technologies	127,915	110,670	17,245	118,925	8,990	126,685	1,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	144,170	123,010	21,160	134,800	9,375	143,305	860
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	791,470	699,655	91,810	750,080	41,385	785,620	5,845
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	82,500	77,035	5,470	80,190	2,310	82,170	335
Health and related fields^{Footnote 51}	433,175	387,900	45,280	405,995	27,180	422,560	10,615
Personal, protective and transportation services	255,015	239,520	15,495	249,795	5,220	254,600	420
Other fields of study^{Footnote 52}	1,150	1,080	65	1,140	0	1,145	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 53}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,940	6,261,720	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 54}	2,047,605	2,024,465	23,140	2,037,060	10,545	2,045,045	2,560
All industries^{Footnote 55}	4,426,985	4,017,185	409,800	4,224,655	202,330	4,385,195	41,790
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	93,825	91,460	2,360	92,690	1,130	93,550	270
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	22,125	14,915	7,210	17,995	4,130	21,660	465
22 Utilities	35,975	21,470	14,510	29,460	6,520	35,615	360
23 Construction	260,160	239,710	20,450	251,120	9,035	258,585	1,570
31-33 Manufacturing	506,070	450,250	55,820	480,285	25,785	501,870	4,205
41 Wholesale trade	179,780	155,645	24,130	165,580	14,195	176,495	3,285
44-45 Retail trade	550,110	531,270	18,835	540,340	9,770	547,995	2,110
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	194,020	179,465	14,555	187,395	6,625	192,905	1,120
51 Information and cultural industries	104,130	88,625	15,500	96,845	7,280	102,870	1,255
52 Finance and insurance	167,605	138,405	29,200	150,780	16,825	163,260	4,350
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	66,565	58,990	7,575	62,160	4,410	65,175	1,395
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	301,760	246,200	55,560	269,975	31,785	294,540	7,220
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,210	3,295	915	3,580	630	3,920	290
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	172,625	166,445	6,180	169,295	3,335	171,845	780
61 Educational services	329,240	300,090	29,150	316,800	12,440	328,115	1,120
62 Health care and social assistance	529,370	489,920	39,450	507,830	21,540	520,315	9,060
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	97,215	93,510	3,705	95,515	1,700	96,900	320
72 Accommodation and food services	286,755	283,915	2,840	285,170	1,585	286,435	315
81 Other services (except public administration)	204,060	195,320	8,740	200,240	3,815	203,455	600
91 Public administration	321,395	268,285	53,110	301,615	19,785	319,695	1,695
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 56}	6,474,590	6,041,650	432,935	6,261,720	212,875	6,430,240	44,350
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 57}	2,047,605	2,024,465	23,140	2,037,060	10,545	2,045,045	2,560
All occupations^{Footnote 58}	4,426,985	4,017,185	409,800	4,224,655	202,325	4,385,195	41,790
0 Management occupations	427,895	304,060	123,835	353,910	73,980	410,940	16,955
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	739,700	685,880	53,820	715,615	24,085	734,855	4,845
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	301,125	238,920	62,205	274,305	26,820	298,485	2,645
3 Health occupations	285,060	250,150	34,915	262,955	22,105	275,260	9,800
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	516,635	463,310	53,320	492,705	23,930	512,540	4,095
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	147,365	140,125	7,245	144,440	2,925	146,880	485
6 Sales and service occupations	1,082,380	1,056,230	26,155	1,069,585	12,795	1,080,275	2,110
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	613,145	579,915	33,230	603,015	10,135	612,535	615
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	76,595	73,485	3,105	74,845	1,750	76,490	110
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	237,075	225,110	11,965	233,275	3,805	236,945	135

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Return to footnote 4 referrer

The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 8

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 11

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 14

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 15

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 16

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 17

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 18

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 19

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 22

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 23

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 24

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 30

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 38

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 41

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 42

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 43

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 44

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 45

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 46

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 47

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 48

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 49

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 50

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 51

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 52

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 53

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 54

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 55

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 56

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 57