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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Nunavut
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 25.2 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	120
Male	10,910	8,765	2,150	9,580	1,330	10,830	75
Female	10,345	8,405	1,940	9,310	1,035	10,300	50
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	21,255	17,165	4,085	18,890	2,365	21,130	125
15 to 24 years	5,960	5,890	75	5,945	15	5,965	0
25 to 54 years	12,275	9,110	3,165	10,505	1,770	12,195	80
25 to 34 years	5,005	4,055	950	4,590	415	5,005	0
35 to 44 years	3,990	2,905	1,085	3,345	645	3,965	30
45 to 54 years	3,280	2,150	1,125	2,570	710	3,230	55
55 to 64 years	2,000	1,250	755	1,490	510	1,965	35
65 years and over	1,010	920	95	940	65	1,005	0
65 to 74 years	745	655	90	685	60	740	0
75 years and over	265	260	0	260	0	265	0
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,890	2,365	21,130	125
Married or living with a common-law partner	11,465	8,460	3,010	9,700	1,770	11,370	100
Married (and not separated)	6,360	4,215	2,145	5,005	1,355	6,275	90
Living common law	5,105	4,240	860	4,690	420	5,095	10
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	9,785	8,710	1,075	9,190	595	9,760	25
Single (never legally married)	8,475	7,755	725	8,105	375	8,465	15
Separated	350	250	100	295	60	345	10
Divorced	390	200	190	260	135	380	10
Widowed	570	510	65	540	35	570	0
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	125
Total persons in households with at least one census family	18,915	15,635	3,280	17,050	1,865	18,815	100
Married spouses, common-law partners	11,190	8,315	2,870	9,530	1,660	11,095	90
Lone parents	2,200	1,895	300	2,030	170	2,190	10
Children in families with two parents present	3,175	3,145	30	3,165	10	3,175	0
Children in families with one parent present	1,440	1,415	20	1,430	10	1,435	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	740	710	30	725	15	740	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	175	155	20	160	15	175	0
Total persons in non-census family households	2,335	1,530	810	1,835	500	2,315	25
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	345	310	35	325	20	340	0
Living with non-relatives only	425	285	135	350	70	420	0
Living alone	1,570	930	640	1,160	415	1,550	20
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	21,255	17,165	4,085	18,885	2,365	21,130	120
Economic family persons	19,085	15,795	3,295	17,215	1,865	18,985	100
Couple family	14,945	12,035	2,910	13,280	1,665	14,855	95
Couple only	1,770	1,005	770	1,290	485	1,745	30
Couple with children	12,965	10,860	2,110	11,785	1,180	12,905	60
Couple with other relatives only	205	180	25	200	0	205	0
Lone-parent family	3,220	2,910	305	3,055	165	3,210	10
Female-parent family	2,455	2,230	230	2,330	125	2,455	10
Female-parent family with no other relatives	1,865	1,660	200	1,750	115	1,860	0
Male-parent family	760	685	75	725	40	760	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	585	515	75	545	35	585	0
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	920	845	80	885	35	925	0
Persons not in an economic family	2,165	1,370	795	1,670	500	2,145	20
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	120
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	17,395	15,365	2,030	16,415	980	17,350	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	100	65	35	70	25	100	0
Métis single identity	115	65	50	85	25	110	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	17,155	15,230	1,925	16,235	915	17,120	35
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	10	10	0	10	0	10	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	15	0	10	10	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,860	1,800	2,065	2,475	1,390	3,775	85
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	21,250	17,165	4,085	18,890	2,365	21,130	125
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	95	60	35	70	25	95	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,160	17,105	4,055	18,815	2,340	21,035	120
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	21,250	17,165	4,085	18,890	2,365	21,135	120
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	17,435	15,390	2,045	16,445	990	17,395	40
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	300	200	95	240	55	295	0
Métis ancestry	120	75	45	95	30	120	0
Inuit ancestry	17,145	15,235	1,915	16,235	910	17,110	35
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	3,815	1,780	2,045	2,440	1,380	3,740	80
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	21,250	17,165	4,085	18,885	2,370	21,130	125
First generation^{Footnote 26}	650	340	310	415	230	630	20
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	580	280	295	375	210	560	20
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	20,025	16,540	3,480	18,095	1,930	19,935	90
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	125
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	425	230	190	280	145	420	0
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	75	35	40	40	35	70	0
Chinese	60	25	30	35	20	55	0
Black	100	45	55	60	35	95	0
Filipino	95	60	40	70	25	95	0
Latin American	30	25	0	25	0	25	0
Arab	15	15	0	10	0	15	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	25	10	10	15	10	20	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	0	0	0	0	0	10	0
Korean	0	10	0	0	0	10	0
Japanese	0	10	0	10	0	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	10	0	0	10	0	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	20,830	16,935	3,900	18,605	2,225	20,715	115
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	120
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	20,625	16,835	3,785	18,480	2,145	20,515	105
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	580	285	295	360	220	565	15
Before 1981	190	80	115	100	95	180	10
1981 to 1990	95	40	55	55	45	90	0
1991 to 2000	110	60	55	70	40	110	0
2001 to 2009	155	90	60	115	40	155	0
2001 to 2005	70	40	30	50	20	75	0
2006 to 2009	80	50	30	60	20	80	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	125
English	5,790	3,775	2,015	4,495	1,295	5,715	75
French	370	190	180	265	105	365	10
Non-official language	14,910	13,040	1,870	13,960	950	14,870	40
Aboriginal	14,495	12,810	1,690	13,680	815	14,465	30
Non-Aboriginal	410	235	175	275	130	400	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	10	0
English and non-official language	175	150	20	170	10	175	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	21,250	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	125
English	19,785	15,930	3,855	17,555	2,235	19,675	115
French	370	190	180	265	105	365	10
English and French	45	35	10	35	10	45	0
Neither English nor French	1,055	1,005	45	1,030	15	1,050	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	21,250	17,165	4,090	18,890	2,365	21,130	125
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,890	11,290	600	11,665	225	11,890	0
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	2,840	2,240	600	2,535	305	2,815	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	6,525	3,640	2,885	4,690	1,835	6,430	100
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,545	2,995	1,555	3,655	890	4,510	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	1,620	1,205	415	1,410	215	1,615	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,665	1,655	1,010	2,080	585	2,640	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	260	130	135	170	90	255	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,980	650	1,330	1,030	945	1,915	60
Bachelor's degree	1,305	460	845	725	575	1,270	35
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	675	190	485	305	365	650	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,890	2,370	21,130	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	14,725	13,525	1,205	14,195	535	14,705	25
Education	775	265	510	455	320	770	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	155	120	35	140	15	155	0
Humanities	290	160	135	205	90	285	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	685	360	330	460	225	675	10
Business, management and public administration	1,305	695	610	915	395	1,290	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	200	85	115	125	75	195	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	165	90	80	120	50	170	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,350	855	490	1,060	290	1,335	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	160	80	85	105	55	160	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	615	295	320	390	220	590	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	820	635	185	725	95	810	10
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	21,255	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	125
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	6,470	6,440	35	6,450	20	6,475	0
All industries^{Footnote 54}	14,780	10,725	4,055	12,435	2,345	14,660	125
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90	85	10	85	0	95	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	435	380	60	420	15	440	0
22 Utilities	260	155	105	195	70	260	0
23 Construction	1,160	1,030	135	1,090	70	1,160	10
31-33 Manufacturing	145	130	10	135	0	150	0
41 Wholesale trade	120	100	25	105	15	115	0
44-45 Retail trade	1,855	1,770	85	1,815	40	1,855	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	840	720	115	785	60	840	0
51 Information and cultural industries	220	160	60	185	40	220	0
52 Finance and insurance	90	50	45	70	20	85	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	540	400	145	475	65	545	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	235	155	75	175	60	230	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	10	10	0	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	375	320	55	345	35	375	0
61 Educational services	1,360	780	580	1,050	315	1,360	0
62 Health care and social assistance	1,115	925	190	1,015	100	1,100	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	275	245	30	260	20	275	0
72 Accommodation and food services	630	610	15	615	15	630	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	380	290	95	330	50	375	0
91 Public administration	4,630	2,430	2,200	3,285	1,345	4,560	70
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	21,250	17,165	4,090	18,885	2,365	21,130	125
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	6,470	6,440	35	6,450	25	6,470	0
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	14,785	10,725	4,055	12,440	2,345	14,655	120
0 Management occupations	1,305	500	805	665	645	1,240	65
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,160	1,290	870	1,770	385	2,150	10
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	475	220	255	305	170	460	10
3 Health occupations	385	180	210	225	160	375	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,865	1,685	1,175	2,185	675	2,840	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	565	485	80	530	40	565	0
6 Sales and service occupations	3,605	3,400	205	3,545	60	3,605	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,905	2,540	370	2,750	160	2,900	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	280	255	30	270	15	285	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	235	185	50	195	40	230	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56