Archived Content

Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please contact us to request a format other than those available.

2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Oshawa
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 28.3 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	285,520	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,195	2,330
Male	138,545	112,320	26,225	125,430	13,110	136,645	1,900
Female	146,975	135,270	11,705	142,855	4,125	146,545	430
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	285,525	247,595	37,930	268,285	17,230	283,195	2,330
15 to 24 years	49,520	49,440	80	49,500	0	49,515	0
25 to 54 years	153,630	125,055	28,575	141,060	12,565	152,110	1,515
25 to 34 years	42,510	39,005	3,505	41,395	1,115	42,460	45
35 to 44 years	50,855	40,610	10,245	46,570	4,290	50,430	425
45 to 54 years	60,260	45,435	14,825	53,100	7,165	59,215	1,045
55 to 64 years	41,005	33,430	7,575	37,080	3,925	40,375	630
65 years and over	41,370	39,665	1,705	40,645	730	41,190	180
65 to 74 years	23,705	22,410	1,295	23,135	575	23,580	125
75 years and over	17,660	17,255	410	17,505	155	17,605	55
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	285,525	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,190	2,330
Married or living with a common-law partner	169,255	138,225	31,035	154,820	14,430	167,195	2,060
Married (and not separated)	143,920	115,950	27,970	130,860	13,060	142,015	1,910
Living common law	25,335	22,275	3,065	23,960	1,375	25,190	150
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	116,270	109,365	6,900	113,465	2,805	115,995	275
Single (never legally married)	76,685	74,255	2,435	75,805	885	76,630	60
Separated	10,120	8,650	1,470	9,440	675	10,040	75
Divorced	16,300	13,930	2,370	15,340	965	16,215	90
Widowed	13,160	12,535	625	12,880	280	13,105	50
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	285,525	247,595	37,930	268,290	17,235	283,190	2,330
Total persons in households with at least one census family	249,535	215,370	34,165	233,910	15,625	247,365	2,175
Married spouses, common-law partners	168,115	137,195	30,915	153,715	14,395	166,060	2,050
Lone parents	18,415	16,080	2,330	17,520	900	18,310	100
Children in families with two parents present	39,625	39,370	260	39,515	115	39,625	0
Children in families with one parent present	15,355	15,105	245	15,285	65	15,350	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	4,925	4,675	255	4,830	90	4,925	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	3,110	2,940	170	3,045	60	3,095	0
Total persons in non-census family households	35,985	32,220	3,760	34,375	1,610	35,825	160
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	1,730	1,640	95	1,680	50	1,730	0
Living with non-relatives only	7,795	7,245	550	7,550	245	7,790	0
Living alone	26,460	23,340	3,115	25,140	1,320	26,310	145
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	285,520	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,195	2,330
Economic family persons	248,160	214,065	34,095	232,545	15,615	245,995	2,165
Couple family	211,230	179,965	31,265	196,660	14,565	209,175	2,055
Couple only	60,955	53,405	7,550	57,610	3,345	60,450	500
Couple with children	146,590	123,180	23,405	135,535	11,055	145,050	1,535
Couple with other relatives only	3,685	3,370	310	3,520	165	3,670	0
Lone-parent family	31,465	28,950	2,515	30,545	925	31,355	110
Female-parent family	25,085	23,405	1,680	24,565	520	25,050	35
Female-parent family with no other relatives	23,645	22,065	1,580	23,125	525	23,605	35
Male-parent family	6,380	5,545	830	5,975	400	6,310	70
Male-parent family with no other relatives	6,160	5,330	825	5,760	395	6,085	70
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	5,465	5,150	310	5,340	125	5,460	0
Persons not in an economic family	37,360	33,520	3,840	35,740	1,625	37,195	165
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	285,520	247,590	37,930	268,290	17,235	283,195	2,330
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	4,825	4,385	435	4,615	210	4,800	25
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	2,880	2,670	205	2,760	115	2,855	15
Métis single identity	1,660	1,460	195	1,580	80	1,650	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	60	55	0	60	0	60	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	30	30	0	30	0	30	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	195	175	25	185	0	195	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	280,700	243,205	37,495	263,670	17,030	278,390	2,305
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	285,525	247,590	37,930	268,290	17,235	283,190	2,330
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	1,310	1,210	95	1,255	55	1,305	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	284,215	246,380	37,835	267,035	17,175	281,885	2,330
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	285,520	247,595	37,930	268,290	17,235	283,190	2,330
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	9,235	8,255	980	8,875	360	9,200	35
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	7,340	6,660	680	7,070	275	7,310	35
Métis ancestry	1,865	1,585	280	1,780	85	1,860	0
Inuit ancestry	150	120	25	145	0	150	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	276,285	239,335	36,950	259,410	16,875	273,995	2,295
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	285,520	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,190	2,330
First generation^{Footnote 26}	55,825	48,060	7,765	52,100	3,720	55,340	480
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	60,655	51,735	8,920	56,600	4,055	60,030	625
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	169,045	147,795	21,250	159,585	9,460	167,825	1,220
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	285,520	247,595	37,930	268,290	17,235	283,190	2,330
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	30,505	27,000	3,505	28,990	1,510	30,325	170
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	7,110	6,205	910	6,655	460	7,040	70
Chinese	3,025	2,615	420	2,830	200	3,000	30
Black	9,940	9,000	940	9,590	350	9,915	25
Filipino	3,000	2,550	450	2,875	120	2,990	0
Latin American	1,925	1,715	210	1,830	95	1,910	0
Arab	875	695	175	775	95	850	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	630	585	45	610	20	625	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	755	725	35	740	0	760	0
Korean	575	510	65	540	35	575	0
Japanese	360	325	35	345	20	360	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	1,170	1,020	150	1,105	70	1,170	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	1,125	1,055	75	1,090	35	1,125	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	255,020	220,590	34,430	239,300	15,725	252,860	2,160
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	285,520	247,595	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,190	2,330
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	230,170	199,865	30,305	216,590	13,585	228,325	1,850
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	54,365	46,800	7,565	50,730	3,640	53,890	475
Before 1981	29,340	25,210	4,135	27,340	2,000	29,095	245
1981 to 1990	8,565	7,035	1,535	7,775	790	8,400	170
1991 to 2000	9,080	7,960	1,120	8,580	505	9,030	50
2001 to 2009	6,665	5,930	735	6,340	325	6,655	0
2001 to 2005	4,190	3,665	525	3,960	225	4,195	0
2006 to 2009	2,475	2,260	215	2,380	100	2,465	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	285,525	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,190	2,330
English	245,490	213,265	32,225	230,915	14,575	243,540	1,955
French	5,595	4,555	1,040	5,205	390	5,570	25
Non-official language	31,835	27,590	4,250	29,785	2,050	31,515	320
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	31,820	27,570	4,245	29,775	2,050	31,495	325
English and French	215	190	25	195	15	205	0
English and non-official language	2,265	1,895	365	2,080	185	2,245	15
French and non-official language	115	90	25	100	0	115	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	285,525	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,190	2,330
English	278,700	241,790	36,910	261,890	16,815	276,400	2,300
French	5,450	4,500	955	5,075	375	5,425	35
English and French	415	365	50	370	50	420	0
Neither English nor French	955	935	15	950	0	955	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	285,520	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,190	2,330
No certificate, diploma or degree	53,035	51,855	1,185	52,640	400	52,990	50
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	84,930	78,815	6,115	82,435	2,500	84,645	285
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	147,555	116,920	30,635	133,220	14,340	145,555	1,995
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	102,760	86,865	15,895	95,335	7,420	102,070	690
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	22,470	19,440	3,030	21,035	1,440	22,375	100
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	71,560	60,550	11,005	66,550	5,010	71,135	420
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	8,735	6,870	1,865	7,760	975	8,565	170
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	44,790	30,055	14,735	37,880	6,915	43,485	1,310
Bachelor's degree	30,400	21,430	8,970	26,230	4,175	29,720	680
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	14,390	8,625	5,770	11,645	2,745	13,765	625
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	285,520	247,595	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,195	2,330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	137,970	130,670	7,295	135,070	2,900	137,635	335
Education	10,660	7,515	3,145	9,890	775	10,645	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,540	4,945	595	5,335	205	5,535	0
Humanities	6,565	5,310	1,250	6,080	480	6,515	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,600	13,700	2,900	15,105	1,495	16,260	345
Business, management and public administration	31,885	25,640	6,250	28,640	3,250	31,275	610
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,590	3,330	1,255	3,895	695	4,455	135
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,985	4,320	1,660	5,185	800	5,795	190
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	31,590	23,035	8,555	26,885	4,705	31,220	370
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,010	1,630	380	1,860	150	1,995	10
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	21,685	18,455	3,230	20,500	1,190	21,430	260
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,430	9,020	1,410	9,825	600	10,410	20
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	15	15	0	15	0	20	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	285,520	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,230	283,195	2,330
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	83,300	81,815	1,485	82,680	620	83,215	85
All industries^{Footnote 54}	202,220	165,775	36,450	185,605	16,620	199,980	2,245
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,395	1,320	70	1,360	35	1,385	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	240	145	95	185	55	220	25
22 Utilities	6,540	2,595	3,950	3,785	2,760	6,300	240
23 Construction	13,460	11,560	1,905	12,425	1,035	13,365	100
31-33 Manufacturing	19,565	15,020	4,545	17,720	1,845	19,375	195
41 Wholesale trade	9,390	7,130	2,260	8,120	1,270	9,220	175
44-45 Retail trade	24,770	23,365	1,405	24,105	660	24,620	150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,155	8,100	1,055	8,855	300	9,140	0
51 Information and cultural industries	5,705	4,455	1,250	5,115	585	5,620	80
52 Finance and insurance	9,810	6,705	3,105	8,120	1,695	9,385	425
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,860	3,140	720	3,500	360	3,830	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,070	9,500	2,575	10,670	1,400	11,770	300
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	125	35	145	0	160	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,060	9,340	725	9,735	325	10,025	35
61 Educational services	15,905	11,585	4,320	14,945	965	15,870	40
62 Health care and social assistance	21,490	18,655	2,830	20,350	1,135	21,185	300
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,625	4,395	230	4,495	135	4,625	0
72 Accommodation and food services	11,905	11,680	230	11,785	120	11,890	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,230	7,630	595	8,030	200	8,200	30
91 Public administration	13,885	9,315	4,565	12,160	1,730	13,805	75
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	285,520	247,590	37,930	268,285	17,235	283,190	2,335
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	83,300	81,815	1,485	82,680	620	83,210	85
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	202,225	165,775	36,450	185,610	16,615	199,975	2,245
0 Management occupations	22,890	13,525	9,360	17,135	5,760	21,940	955
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	33,605	29,480	4,125	31,795	1,810	33,270	335
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	12,045	7,800	4,240	9,895	2,150	11,915	125
3 Health occupations	11,390	9,005	2,385	10,495	900	11,150	245
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25,110	18,040	7,070	23,090	2,020	24,850	260
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,700	5,370	330	5,610	90	5,695	0
6 Sales and service occupations	48,890	46,665	2,225	47,920	970	48,740	145
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	29,395	25,125	4,270	27,640	1,755	29,340	55
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,745	2,655	95	2,715	35	2,735	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10,450	8,105	2,345	9,315	1,140	10,345	110

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Return to footnote 3 referrer

The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 39 referrer

The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56