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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in St. Catharines - Niagara
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 29.2 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	324,895	299,050	25,840	313,315	11,575	323,420	1,475
Male	156,145	137,980	18,165	146,960	9,190	154,875	1,265
Female	168,745	161,070	7,680	166,355	2,395	168,540	205
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	324,890	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,575	323,420	1,475
15 to 24 years	50,240	50,155	80	50,185	50	50,235	0
25 to 54 years	149,785	132,875	16,910	142,760	7,025	149,110	675
25 to 34 years	41,200	39,830	1,370	40,750	450	41,150	50
35 to 44 years	47,050	41,115	5,935	44,860	2,190	46,865	190
45 to 54 years	61,535	51,935	9,600	57,145	4,385	61,090	440
55 to 64 years	55,150	48,975	6,165	51,965	3,175	54,660	490
65 years and over	69,725	67,040	2,685	68,410	1,325	69,420	305
65 to 74 years	37,750	35,905	1,845	36,810	935	37,545	205
75 years and over	31,980	31,135	840	31,595	380	31,880	100
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,575	323,425	1,470
Married or living with a common-law partner	188,090	167,440	20,645	178,510	9,575	186,845	1,245
Married (and not separated)	162,010	143,015	19,000	153,205	8,805	160,835	1,175
Living common law	26,075	24,430	1,640	25,305	770	26,005	70
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	136,810	131,610	5,200	134,805	2,000	136,580	230
Single (never legally married)	82,720	81,005	1,715	82,075	650	82,615	105
Separated	11,535	10,525	1,015	11,195	345	11,505	25
Divorced	20,945	19,310	1,640	20,290	650	20,875	70
Widowed	21,605	20,765	835	21,250	350	21,580	25
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,575	323,420	1,475
Total persons in households with at least one census family	268,950	246,380	22,565	258,715	10,225	267,645	1,300
Married spouses, common-law partners	186,325	165,770	20,560	176,780	9,545	185,090	1,240
Lone parents	19,885	18,505	1,380	19,415	475	19,830	55
Children in families with two parents present	38,875	38,685	190	38,785	90	38,875	0
Children in families with one parent present	16,505	16,295	205	16,425	80	16,505	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	4,595	4,475	115	4,560	30	4,590	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	2,755	2,645	110	2,750	10	2,760	0
Total persons in non-census family households	55,950	52,670	3,275	54,595	1,350	55,770	175
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	2,490	2,440	55	2,465	25	2,480	0
Living with non-relatives only	9,020	8,775	240	8,955	60	9,015	0
Living alone	44,440	41,455	2,985	43,175	1,260	44,270	165
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,320	11,575	323,420	1,475
Economic family persons	268,675	246,170	22,505	258,435	10,245	267,375	1,305
Couple family	227,595	206,805	20,790	217,955	9,640	226,350	1,240
Couple only	88,575	81,815	6,755	85,125	3,450	88,020	555
Couple with children	135,765	121,980	13,785	129,665	6,100	135,085	680
Couple with other relatives only	3,255	3,005	250	3,165	90	3,245	0
Lone-parent family	34,385	32,865	1,525	33,875	505	34,335	55
Female-parent family	27,305	26,355	955	27,065	240	27,290	15
Female-parent family with no other relatives	26,185	25,255	930	25,945	240	26,170	15
Male-parent family	7,080	6,510	565	6,810	265	7,045	35
Male-parent family with no other relatives	6,635	6,090	545	6,375	255	6,595	35
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	6,700	6,505	195	6,600	100	6,690	0
Persons not in an economic family	56,215	52,880	3,340	54,880	1,335	56,045	170
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,320	11,575	323,425	1,475
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	6,675	6,350	330	6,515	170	6,675	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	4,070	3,925	145	3,990	80	4,065	0
Métis single identity	2,175	2,015	160	2,100	80	2,175	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	150	150	0	150	0	150	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	70	70	0	70	0	70	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	215	195	20	205	0	210	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	318,215	292,700	25,515	306,805	11,410	316,750	1,465
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,320	11,580	323,420	1,470
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	2,350	2,245	105	2,295	60	2,345	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	322,540	296,805	25,735	311,025	11,520	321,075	1,470
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,320	11,580	323,425	1,475
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	11,015	10,530	485	10,845	170	11,015	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	8,440	8,105	330	8,335	100	8,435	0
Métis ancestry	2,655	2,495	160	2,585	75	2,660	0
Inuit ancestry	105	95	0	105	0	105	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	313,880	288,515	25,360	302,475	11,405	312,410	1,470
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,575	323,425	1,470
First generation^{Footnote 26}	64,675	59,785	4,885	62,215	2,460	64,320	355
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	75,145	67,790	7,355	72,065	3,080	74,820	325
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	185,075	171,475	13,600	179,035	6,040	184,285	790
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	324,890	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,575	323,425	1,475
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	20,220	18,960	1,260	19,590	635	20,150	70
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	2,540	2,165	375	2,310	225	2,515	20
Chinese	3,045	2,830	220	2,925	120	3,035	0
Black	4,210	4,040	165	4,140	70	4,205	0
Filipino	2,245	2,200	50	2,230	0	2,245	0
Latin American	2,990	2,850	140	2,960	30	2,980	0
Arab	1,155	1,085	75	1,120	40	1,150	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	1,215	1,155	60	1,185	30	1,210	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	525	480	40	500	0	525	0
Korean	765	735	25	745	15	760	0
Japanese	570	535	45	550	20	565	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	415	395	15	400	0	410	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	540	490	45	515	25	540	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	304,675	280,090	24,585	293,730	10,945	303,275	1,400
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	324,890	299,050	25,845	313,320	11,575	323,425	1,475
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	260,770	239,765	21,005	251,625	9,150	259,645	1,125
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	62,090	57,340	4,750	59,700	2,390	61,750	335
Before 1981	38,685	35,515	3,165	37,100	1,590	38,410	275
1981 to 1990	6,645	5,975	670	6,285	360	6,620	25
1991 to 2000	8,410	7,915	490	8,145	260	8,375	30
2001 to 2009	7,290	6,890	395	7,135	150	7,280	0
2001 to 2005	4,015	3,685	330	3,890	125	4,000	0
2006 to 2009	3,280	3,210	65	3,250	30	3,280	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,580	323,420	1,470
English	262,415	241,120	21,300	252,930	9,485	261,235	1,180
French	11,190	10,505	690	10,865	325	11,180	10
Non-official language	48,535	44,870	3,665	46,820	1,710	48,255	275
Aboriginal	25	30	0	30	0	25	0
Non-Aboriginal	48,510	44,845	3,660	46,790	1,715	48,230	275
English and French	390	375	10	385	0	390	0
English and non-official language	2,160	1,990	170	2,120	40	2,155	0
French and non-official language	205	190	0	200	0	205	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,575	323,425	1,470
English	311,820	286,700	25,120	300,575	11,245	310,360	1,460
French	10,645	9,965	685	10,325	320	10,630	15
English and French	605	575	30	595	0	610	0
Neither English nor French	1,825	1,805	0	1,820	0	1,825	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	324,890	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,580	323,425	1,470
No certificate, diploma or degree	67,340	66,250	1,090	66,865	475	67,280	65
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	98,545	95,000	3,545	96,955	1,590	98,430	115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	159,005	137,805	21,205	149,495	9,515	157,710	1,300
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	111,660	101,880	9,780	107,555	4,105	111,330	330
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	30,710	28,480	2,230	29,690	1,015	30,650	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	71,255	64,830	6,420	68,585	2,670	71,035	215
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	9,700	8,570	1,130	9,280	415	9,645	50
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	47,350	35,920	11,430	41,935	5,410	46,380	970
Bachelor's degree	28,935	22,880	6,055	26,230	2,700	28,470	465
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	18,415	13,040	5,375	15,710	2,705	17,910	505
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	324,890	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,575	323,425	1,470
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	165,880	161,245	4,635	163,820	2,065	165,710	175
Education	13,265	10,445	2,825	12,605	665	13,225	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,565	5,245	320	5,440	125	5,550	15
Humanities	8,410	7,280	1,130	7,960	450	8,375	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15,210	13,330	1,885	14,270	945	15,030	185
Business, management and public administration	30,475	26,890	3,580	28,460	2,010	30,055	420
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,150	3,370	785	3,850	305	4,125	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,545	3,785	760	4,185	360	4,520	25
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	34,665	29,305	5,365	31,970	2,695	34,435	235
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,535	3,185	350	3,430	100	3,525	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	26,370	23,175	3,195	25,035	1,335	26,060	310
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,800	11,775	1,025	12,280	525	12,795	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	324,890	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,575	323,420	1,475
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	113,545	111,640	1,900	112,700	845	113,465	80
All industries^{Footnote 54}	211,350	187,410	23,945	200,615	10,735	209,960	1,395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,130	4,885	245	5,040	95	5,095	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	410	295	120	325	85	405	0
22 Utilities	1,745	1,040	705	1,375	375	1,730	20
23 Construction	13,885	12,335	1,550	13,130	755	13,810	75
31-33 Manufacturing	20,625	17,075	3,550	19,005	1,620	20,495	125
41 Wholesale trade	7,690	6,615	1,080	7,090	605	7,590	100
44-45 Retail trade	27,015	25,980	1,035	26,485	530	26,910	110
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	8,560	7,670	890	8,100	460	8,515	45
51 Information and cultural industries	2,985	2,665	320	2,850	130	2,965	0
52 Finance and insurance	6,490	5,270	1,220	5,820	675	6,355	140
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,755	3,360	390	3,535	215	3,675	75
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,195	7,555	1,640	8,175	1,015	9,030	160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	250	225	0	220	0	245	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,710	10,345	370	10,510	205	10,685	20
61 Educational services	15,320	11,400	3,920	14,280	1,045	15,295	25
62 Health care and social assistance	21,410	18,705	2,705	20,345	1,065	21,130	275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,810	10,505	310	10,705	110	10,800	0
72 Accommodation and food services	23,815	23,595	215	23,700	115	23,755	60
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,795	9,290	505	9,540	255	9,765	25
91 Public administration	11,750	8,600	3,155	10,385	1,375	11,680	75
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	324,895	299,050	25,845	313,315	11,580	323,425	1,475
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	113,545	111,640	1,900	112,700	840	113,465	75
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	211,350	187,405	23,940	200,615	10,735	209,960	1,395
0 Management occupations	20,140	14,710	5,430	17,030	3,115	19,625	520
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	29,740	27,260	2,480	28,545	1,195	29,580	160
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,750	7,505	2,245	8,585	1,165	9,690	60
3 Health occupations	12,380	9,945	2,435	11,430	950	12,110	270
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	21,650	16,320	5,335	20,005	1,650	21,525	130
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,995	5,735	255	5,880	115	5,980	0
6 Sales and service occupations	65,885	64,505	1,380	65,105	780	65,740	145
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30,875	27,785	3,090	29,680	1,200	30,800	75
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,435	5,350	85	5,370	65	5,425	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,500	8,290	1,205	8,995	505	9,490	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56