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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Kitchener - Cambridge - Waterloo
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 23.4 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	383,630	342,300	41,335	364,990	18,640	380,260	3,370
Male	188,190	159,445	28,740	174,140	14,050	185,415	2,780
Female	195,440	182,845	12,590	190,850	4,585	194,845	595
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	383,635	342,300	41,330	364,995	18,640	380,265	3,370
15 to 24 years	67,565	67,470	95	67,530	35	67,550	0
25 to 54 years	207,590	176,935	30,655	194,335	13,255	205,460	2,135
25 to 34 years	66,355	61,655	4,700	65,020	1,335	66,240	110
35 to 44 years	68,035	56,055	11,985	62,875	5,160	67,250	785
45 to 54 years	73,200	59,230	13,970	66,440	6,760	71,965	1,235
55 to 64 years	54,210	46,505	7,705	50,270	3,940	53,390	820
65 years and over	54,260	51,385	2,880	52,860	1,405	53,860	405
65 to 74 years	31,200	29,315	1,885	30,200	1,000	30,925	275
75 years and over	23,060	22,070	995	22,655	410	22,940	120
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	383,635	342,295	41,335	364,995	18,640	380,260	3,375
Married or living with a common-law partner	227,665	193,690	33,975	211,870	15,790	224,700	2,965
Married (and not separated)	196,055	164,785	31,265	181,210	14,850	193,215	2,840
Living common law	31,610	28,905	2,705	30,660	945	31,485	125
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	155,965	148,605	7,360	153,125	2,845	155,560	410
Single (never legally married)	106,330	102,940	3,390	105,225	1,100	106,220	110
Separated	11,900	10,680	1,225	11,250	645	11,820	80
Divorced	21,105	19,160	1,945	20,330	775	20,985	115
Widowed	16,635	15,825	805	16,310	320	16,535	100
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	383,630	342,300	41,335	364,990	18,640	380,260	3,370
Total persons in households with at least one census family	321,800	285,440	36,360	304,980	16,815	318,710	3,085
Married spouses, common-law partners	225,335	191,490	33,845	209,600	15,730	222,395	2,940
Lone parents	20,785	19,015	1,775	19,960	825	20,655	130
Children in families with two parents present	49,485	49,195	290	49,375	110	49,475	0
Children in families with one parent present	17,480	17,270	205	17,405	75	17,470	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	5,425	5,330	100	5,385	45	5,420	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	3,285	3,140	145	3,250	40	3,285	0
Total persons in non-census family households	61,835	56,860	4,980	60,010	1,825	61,550	280
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	2,960	2,835	125	2,945	15	2,960	0
Living with non-relatives only	15,380	14,840	535	15,245	130	15,365	0
Living alone	43,500	39,180	4,320	41,825	1,675	43,225	275
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	383,635	342,300	41,330	364,990	18,635	380,265	3,370
Economic family persons	321,470	285,135	36,335	304,675	16,790	318,380	3,090
Couple family	279,225	245,025	34,200	263,360	15,865	276,270	2,955
Couple only	89,955	80,095	9,865	85,340	4,615	89,040	915
Couple with children	185,425	161,440	23,985	174,270	11,150	183,395	2,035
Couple with other relatives only	3,845	3,490	350	3,750	95	3,830	0
Lone-parent family	35,850	33,945	1,900	34,985	865	35,720	130
Female-parent family	28,385	27,210	1,175	27,850	535	28,300	90
Female-parent family with no other relatives	26,945	25,795	1,160	26,425	525	26,865	85
Male-parent family	7,465	6,735	730	7,135	330	7,420	45
Male-parent family with no other relatives	7,090	6,375	710	6,765	320	7,045	40
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	6,395	6,160	230	6,325	65	6,395	0
Persons not in an economic family	62,160	57,160	5,005	60,320	1,845	61,880	280
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	383,630	342,300	41,335	364,990	18,640	380,260	3,375
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	5,110	4,790	325	5,000	110	5,065	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	3,060	2,810	250	2,980	80	3,030	0
Métis single identity	1,720	1,660	60	1,705	20	1,715	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	135	135	0	135	0	135	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	50	45	0	45	0	45	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	145	130	0	135	0	140	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	378,520	337,510	41,015	359,995	18,530	375,195	3,325
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	383,635	342,300	41,335	364,990	18,635	380,260	3,370
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	1,415	1,290	125	1,370	40	1,395	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	382,220	341,010	41,210	363,625	18,595	378,860	3,355
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	383,635	342,295	41,335	364,990	18,640	380,260	3,370
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	9,485	8,805	680	9,240	240	9,430	50
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	7,265	6,745	520	7,065	200	7,215	50
Métis ancestry	2,170	2,015	150	2,135	35	2,165	0
Inuit ancestry	220	200	20	210	0	225	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	374,155	333,495	40,660	355,755	18,395	370,830	3,315
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	383,635	342,300	41,335	364,995	18,640	380,260	3,370
First generation^{Footnote 26}	107,140	97,225	9,915	102,665	4,480	106,365	775
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	69,850	60,920	8,930	65,710	4,135	69,205	640
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	206,640	184,150	22,490	196,620	10,025	204,690	1,950
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	383,630	342,295	41,335	364,995	18,640	380,260	3,370
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	58,355	53,815	4,545	56,325	2,030	58,015	340
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	15,835	14,450	1,390	15,185	650	15,745	95
Chinese	9,505	8,465	1,040	9,080	425	9,455	50
Black	7,140	6,725	415	7,035	100	7,120	20
Filipino	2,045	1,865	180	1,965	80	2,035	0
Latin American	6,685	6,435	240	6,615	70	6,670	0
Arab	3,690	3,370	320	3,515	175	3,660	30
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	5,950	5,645	305	5,795	150	5,915	35
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	3,030	2,805	220	2,915	110	3,015	15
Korean	1,260	1,170	90	1,185	70	1,235	25
Japanese	565	445	115	485	75	525	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	1,275	1,175	105	1,225	55	1,270	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	1,380	1,270	115	1,320	65	1,380	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	325,275	288,485	36,790	308,660	16,615	322,245	3,035
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	383,630	342,295	41,330	364,995	18,640	380,260	3,370
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	277,180	245,640	31,545	262,970	14,210	274,580	2,600
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	102,990	93,425	9,565	98,685	4,310	102,250	740
Before 1981	38,630	34,670	3,965	36,685	1,945	38,245	385
1981 to 1990	15,805	14,100	1,705	15,005	800	15,665	140
1991 to 2000	23,305	21,165	2,145	22,470	835	23,185	125
2001 to 2009	22,520	20,840	1,675	21,825	695	22,435	90
2001 to 2005	13,185	12,075	1,105	12,750	435	13,140	45
2006 to 2009	9,335	8,765	570	9,075	260	9,295	40
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	383,635	342,300	41,335	364,990	18,640	380,265	3,370
English	281,600	249,385	32,210	267,165	14,435	278,860	2,745
French	5,710	4,975	740	5,390	325	5,695	20
Non-official language	92,435	84,340	8,100	88,685	3,755	91,845	595
Aboriginal	30	25	0	25	0	25	0
Non-Aboriginal	92,410	84,315	8,095	88,660	3,750	91,815	590
English and French	250	230	20	245	0	245	0
English and non-official language	3,490	3,255	230	3,385	100	3,475	15
French and non-official language	115	95	0	110	0	115	0
English, French and non-official language	25	15	0	15	0	25	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	383,630	342,295	41,335	364,990	18,640	380,260	3,370
English	371,605	331,240	40,360	353,380	18,225	368,265	3,340
French	5,610	4,890	720	5,310	300	5,595	0
English and French	1,560	1,420	140	1,490	70	1,560	0
Neither English nor French	4,855	4,745	110	4,815	45	4,845	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	383,630	342,300	41,335	364,990	18,640	380,260	3,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	75,990	74,650	1,340	75,435	555	75,855	140
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	107,010	101,755	5,255	105,025	1,985	106,605	405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	200,625	165,890	34,735	184,530	16,100	197,800	2,825
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	117,580	104,375	13,205	112,260	5,325	116,930	655
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	28,825	26,300	2,530	27,865	965	28,720	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	76,870	68,280	8,590	73,490	3,385	76,475	390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	11,885	9,800	2,085	10,905	985	11,730	155
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	83,045	61,515	21,535	72,275	10,770	80,875	2,170
Bachelor's degree	51,385	39,590	11,785	45,950	5,430	50,375	1,005
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	31,665	21,920	9,740	26,325	5,340	30,500	1,165
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	383,635	342,300	41,335	364,995	18,640	380,265	3,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	183,005	176,410	6,595	180,465	2,540	182,455	545
Education	12,715	9,770	2,940	12,065	645	12,665	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,450	5,925	525	6,240	210	6,390	65
Humanities	13,280	11,370	1,910	12,435	840	13,160	115
Social and behavioural sciences and law	21,305	18,055	3,245	19,695	1,605	20,900	395
Business, management and public administration	40,415	33,225	7,190	36,330	4,085	39,630	790
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,980	6,235	1,745	7,120	860	7,835	150
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,965	8,075	2,890	9,520	1,445	10,770	200
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	47,125	37,890	9,225	42,980	4,140	46,550	570
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,330	2,740	590	3,080	250	3,300	30
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	25,385	21,845	3,535	23,710	1,680	24,960	425
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,455	10,535	920	11,120	340	11,410	45
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	230	220	0	230	0	230	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	383,630	342,295	41,335	364,990	18,635	380,260	3,370
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	100,420	98,435	1,980	99,610	810	100,225	195
All industries^{Footnote 54}	283,210	243,860	39,350	265,380	17,830	280,040	3,175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,740	2,590	150	2,650	90	2,715	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	295	225	75	260	35	295	0
22 Utilities	1,085	730	365	935	155	1,075	0
23 Construction	17,065	14,865	2,195	15,995	1,070	16,830	235
31-33 Manufacturing	51,670	42,710	8,960	47,940	3,725	51,205	465
41 Wholesale trade	13,560	10,810	2,755	12,150	1,410	13,260	300
44-45 Retail trade	33,030	31,155	1,870	32,065	970	32,875	155
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	11,740	10,835	910	11,375	370	11,710	30
51 Information and cultural industries	6,030	4,930	1,105	5,485	545	5,945	80
52 Finance and insurance	16,910	13,400	3,510	14,985	1,930	16,415	490
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,920	4,335	585	4,545	370	4,870	50
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,155	14,055	4,105	15,805	2,350	17,675	480
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	115	65	145	35	155	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	12,410	11,905	505	12,220	190	12,345	65
61 Educational services	24,530	18,960	5,575	22,705	1,820	24,320	215
62 Health care and social assistance	24,910	21,795	3,115	23,495	1,410	24,535	370
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,685	4,485	200	4,585	100	4,660	20
72 Accommodation and food services	17,580	17,345	240	17,465	120	17,545	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	10,575	9,950	625	10,305	275	10,530	45
91 Public administration	11,135	8,680	2,450	10,275	855	11,060	70
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	383,630	342,295	41,335	364,995	18,640	380,260	3,375
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	100,420	98,435	1,985	99,610	810	100,225	195
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	283,215	243,860	39,355	265,385	17,830	280,040	3,175
0 Management occupations	29,225	18,715	10,505	22,650	6,575	27,810	1,420
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	44,715	40,425	4,290	42,735	1,975	44,350	365
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,295	17,390	6,910	21,295	3,000	24,040	260
3 Health occupations	13,975	11,215	2,760	12,695	1,280	13,605	375
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	31,855	25,040	6,815	29,655	2,200	31,475	380
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,350	6,805	540	7,155	190	7,305	40
6 Sales and service occupations	65,660	63,320	2,340	64,465	1,195	65,460	200
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	38,795	35,445	3,355	37,740	1,055	38,670	120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,870	3,790	80	3,820	50	3,865	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	23,475	21,710	1,765	23,165	310	23,470	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56