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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in London
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 23.7 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,955
Male	186,570	161,730	24,840	174,425	12,145	184,180	2,390
Female	201,875	188,855	13,020	197,445	4,430	201,305	565
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,955
15 to 24 years	67,055	66,980	70	67,035	15	67,050	0
25 to 54 years	195,910	170,515	25,390	185,340	10,570	194,255	1,655
25 to 34 years	61,350	58,545	2,805	60,350	1,000	61,260	90
35 to 44 years	60,895	51,430	9,465	57,165	3,735	60,275	625
45 to 54 years	73,660	60,540	13,120	67,820	5,835	72,720	940
55 to 64 years	59,665	50,895	8,765	55,525	4,135	58,815	845
65 years and over	65,820	62,190	3,630	63,965	1,855	65,375	450
65 to 74 years	36,675	34,340	2,335	35,380	1,290	36,335	340
75 years and over	29,145	27,850	1,295	28,580	560	29,040	105
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,955
Married or living with a common-law partner	222,745	191,890	30,855	208,720	14,025	220,175	2,575
Married (and not separated)	189,405	161,030	28,375	176,340	13,060	186,950	2,460
Living common law	33,340	30,860	2,480	32,380	960	33,225	120
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	165,695	158,695	7,005	163,145	2,550	165,315	380
Single (never legally married)	109,390	106,760	2,625	108,595	790	109,305	85
Separated	12,755	11,675	1,080	12,290	460	12,695	55
Divorced	24,095	21,780	2,315	23,235	855	23,910	180
Widowed	19,465	18,480	985	19,025	435	19,410	55
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,580	385,490	2,955
Total persons in households with at least one census family	312,675	279,665	33,005	298,000	14,670	310,030	2,645
Married spouses, common-law partners	220,110	189,540	30,565	206,200	13,910	217,560	2,545
Lone parents	22,410	20,625	1,785	21,875	535	22,350	60
Children in families with two parents present	44,610	44,405	205	44,540	70	44,600	0
Children in families with one parent present	17,995	17,795	205	17,920	80	17,995	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	4,320	4,155	170	4,265	55	4,305	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	3,230	3,145	85	3,200	30	3,215	0
Total persons in non-census family households	75,770	70,920	4,850	73,870	1,900	75,460	310
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	3,060	2,915	145	3,000	60	3,050	0
Living with non-relatives only	16,755	16,380	375	16,660	100	16,750	0
Living alone	55,960	51,630	4,330	54,205	1,750	55,660	295
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,865	16,575	385,485	2,955
Economic family persons	312,500	279,435	33,070	297,795	14,705	309,860	2,640
Couple family	267,720	236,845	30,880	253,720	14,005	265,155	2,570
Couple only	99,780	89,720	10,055	95,370	4,410	98,940	845
Couple with children	164,560	144,045	20,510	155,095	9,465	162,880	1,680
Couple with other relatives only	3,385	3,080	310	3,255	135	3,330	50
Lone-parent family	38,790	36,880	1,905	38,185	600	38,730	60
Female-parent family	31,150	29,870	1,280	30,760	390	31,125	30
Female-parent family with no other relatives	30,015	28,760	1,260	29,630	385	29,990	25
Male-parent family	7,635	7,010	625	7,425	215	7,605	35
Male-parent family with no other relatives	7,355	6,740	620	7,145	210	7,325	35
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	5,990	5,710	285	5,895	100	5,980	0
Persons not in an economic family	75,940	71,150	4,790	74,070	1,870	75,630	315
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,580	385,485	2,955
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	6,355	6,075	285	6,295	65	6,350	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	4,455	4,325	130	4,415	45	4,450	0
Métis single identity	1,540	1,400	140	1,515	25	1,535	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	45	45	0	45	0	45	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	75	75	0	75	0	75	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	240	230	0	245	0	240	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	382,085	344,515	37,575	365,575	16,510	379,140	2,950
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	388,445	350,590	37,860	371,870	16,580	385,490	2,955
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	2,960	2,875	85	2,940	20	2,960	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	385,485	347,715	37,775	368,930	16,555	382,535	2,955
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	388,445	350,590	37,855	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,955
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	9,835	9,305	530	9,620	210	9,815	15
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	8,140	7,755	385	7,995	145	8,125	20
Métis ancestry	1,620	1,480	145	1,555	65	1,625	0
Inuit ancestry	165	165	0	170	0	170	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	378,615	341,280	37,330	362,245	16,365	375,670	2,940
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,955
First generation^{Footnote 26}	87,930	80,660	7,275	84,255	3,675	87,115	815
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	76,830	68,045	8,780	73,045	3,780	76,255	575
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	223,685	201,880	21,805	214,570	9,115	222,125	1,565
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	388,445	350,590	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,955
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	46,475	43,295	3,175	44,825	1,650	46,150	325
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	6,720	5,930	795	6,295	425	6,625	100
Chinese	6,095	5,515	580	5,740	355	6,050	50
Black	6,330	5,960	365	6,145	185	6,300	35
Filipino	1,840	1,725	120	1,810	30	1,835	0
Latin American	7,955	7,695	260	7,855	95	7,940	15
Arab	6,820	6,355	460	6,590	230	6,760	55
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	3,500	3,345	155	3,430	70	3,500	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	2,370	2,275	100	2,350	20	2,365	0
Korean	2,570	2,375	195	2,440	135	2,555	0
Japanese	425	390	35	400	25	415	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	585	540	40	570	0	570	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	1,260	1,185	75	1,200	60	1,250	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	341,970	307,290	34,680	327,045	14,930	339,335	2,635
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	388,445	350,590	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,960
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	301,350	270,665	30,690	288,370	12,985	299,190	2,165
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	83,080	76,065	7,010	79,575	3,500	82,325	755
Before 1981	36,500	33,085	3,425	34,700	1,805	36,055	450
1981 to 1990	14,055	12,680	1,370	13,390	655	13,920	130
1991 to 2000	14,320	13,130	1,185	13,790	530	14,280	40
2001 to 2009	15,780	14,840	935	15,310	465	15,655	120
2001 to 2005	8,915	8,315	605	8,640	270	8,825	85
2006 to 2009	6,860	6,535	335	6,670	195	6,830	35
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,865	16,575	385,490	2,955
English	309,735	278,105	31,625	296,060	13,670	307,335	2,395
French	5,305	4,700	610	5,055	250	5,250	55
Non-official language	69,925	64,510	5,410	67,360	2,560	69,440	480
Aboriginal	85	90	0	90	0	90	0
Non-Aboriginal	69,835	64,425	5,410	67,270	2,560	69,355	485
English and French	245	225	20	245	0	245	0
English and non-official language	2,985	2,820	165	2,915	65	2,965	0
French and non-official language	230	200	30	210	0	225	0
English, French and non-official language	30	25	0	25	0	25	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,960
English	378,160	341,125	37,035	361,990	16,170	375,320	2,840
French	5,255	4,620	640	4,980	280	5,180	80
English and French	1,225	1,110	115	1,130	95	1,200	30
Neither English nor French	3,805	3,735	75	3,770	30	3,795	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,485	2,955
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,010	67,990	1,025	68,555	455	68,955	60
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	110,265	105,755	4,505	108,350	1,915	109,960	305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	209,170	176,845	32,330	194,965	14,205	206,575	2,595
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130,035	117,630	12,405	125,550	4,490	129,620	420
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	28,690	26,425	2,270	27,805	890	28,650	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	87,985	79,610	8,370	85,140	2,850	87,715	280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	13,355	11,595	1,760	12,605	750	13,260	100
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	79,135	59,205	19,930	69,415	9,715	76,960	2,175
Bachelor's degree	46,985	36,915	10,060	42,625	4,355	46,180	800
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	32,155	22,290	9,865	26,790	5,365	30,780	1,370
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	388,445	350,585	37,860	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,955
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	179,275	173,745	5,530	176,905	2,370	178,915	360
Education	14,715	11,075	3,640	13,915	800	14,660	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,430	6,975	455	7,270	155	7,420	0
Humanities	13,350	11,735	1,615	12,660	685	13,220	130
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,735	20,210	3,520	21,850	1,885	23,325	410
Business, management and public administration	40,685	35,125	5,560	37,720	2,960	40,070	610
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,000	6,240	1,760	7,170	825	7,860	140
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,450	6,890	1,560	7,775	675	8,350	100
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	39,440	32,740	6,695	36,520	2,920	39,200	240
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,800	3,275	530	3,550	245	3,745	55
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	37,385	31,335	6,050	34,640	2,745	36,550	830
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,160	11,225	935	11,875	295	12,145	20
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	30	25	0	25	0	30	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	388,445	350,585	37,855	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,960
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	121,090	118,665	2,425	120,110	985	120,965	125
All industries^{Footnote 54}	267,350	231,925	35,435	251,760	15,590	264,520	2,830
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,115	3,855	260	4,000	115	4,100	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	295	185	110	220	75	270	25
22 Utilities	1,230	780	450	995	240	1,220	0
23 Construction	15,225	13,540	1,685	14,525	695	15,125	100
31-33 Manufacturing	30,310	24,825	5,480	27,970	2,335	29,975	330
41 Wholesale trade	9,165	7,625	1,540	8,250	915	9,010	155
44-45 Retail trade	30,730	29,080	1,645	29,780	945	30,595	135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	11,825	10,985	840	11,510	310	11,770	50
51 Information and cultural industries	4,795	4,020	775	4,515	275	4,750	45
52 Finance and insurance	14,225	11,720	2,510	12,815	1,410	13,895	330
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,060	4,510	545	4,735	325	4,990	65
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15,670	12,645	3,025	13,825	1,840	15,190	480
55 Management of companies and enterprises	150	130	20	145	0	150	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	13,880	13,395	485	13,695	185	13,840	40
61 Educational services	25,340	19,120	6,225	23,365	1,980	25,095	245
62 Health care and social assistance	35,975	30,440	5,540	33,755	2,220	35,335	640
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,335	6,085	255	6,215	115	6,295	35
72 Accommodation and food services	19,515	19,215	295	19,405	110	19,505	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	11,610	10,785	825	11,290	320	11,595	0
91 Public administration	11,915	8,985	2,930	10,740	1,170	11,810	105
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	388,445	350,585	37,855	371,870	16,575	385,490	2,955
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	121,090	118,665	2,425	120,110	985	120,970	125
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	267,350	231,920	35,430	251,760	15,595	264,520	2,830
0 Management occupations	25,660	17,800	7,860	20,805	4,855	24,760	905
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	41,400	37,640	3,765	39,755	1,645	41,060	340
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15,005	11,410	3,595	13,525	1,480	14,815	190
3 Health occupations	19,980	15,305	4,675	17,890	2,090	19,255	725
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35,200	27,135	8,065	32,500	2,705	34,750	450
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,120	6,815	310	7,015	110	7,095	0
6 Sales and service occupations	68,615	66,370	2,245	67,395	1,225	68,505	110
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	34,390	31,125	3,260	33,380	1,010	34,360	35
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,300	4,155	150	4,250	55	4,270	35
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15,675	14,170	1,505	15,255	425	15,655	20

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56