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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Calgary
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 23.6 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,060	28,515
Male	486,395	367,885	118,515	410,345	76,055	463,005	23,395
Female	490,175	434,290	55,885	462,390	27,775	485,055	5,120
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,740	103,835	948,060	28,510
15 to 24 years	158,980	157,980	995	158,740	235	158,955	25
25 to 54 years	578,260	448,235	130,030	502,240	76,025	558,680	19,580
25 to 34 years	198,895	171,895	27,000	186,210	12,680	197,345	1,550
35 to 44 years	189,535	141,175	48,360	161,470	28,070	182,570	6,970
45 to 54 years	189,835	135,165	54,670	154,560	35,280	178,770	11,065
55 to 64 years	132,040	98,820	33,220	110,710	21,325	125,195	6,845
65 years and over	107,295	97,140	10,150	101,045	6,250	105,225	2,065
65 to 74 years	62,610	55,620	6,985	58,340	4,265	61,180	1,430
75 years and over	44,685	41,520	3,165	42,700	1,980	44,050	640
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	976,575	802,170	174,400	872,740	103,835	948,060	28,515
Married or living with a common-law partner	580,950	445,410	135,535	496,925	84,020	556,405	24,545
Married (and not separated)	498,295	376,900	121,400	421,820	76,475	475,435	22,865
Living common law	82,650	68,510	14,140	75,110	7,545	80,970	1,675
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	395,625	356,760	38,865	375,810	19,815	391,655	3,970
Single (never legally married)	282,420	262,400	20,010	273,005	9,410	280,875	1,545
Separated	21,215	17,310	3,905	18,980	2,235	20,610	600
Divorced	60,950	48,830	12,125	54,340	6,610	59,560	1,395
Widowed	31,040	28,220	2,825	29,485	1,555	30,610	435
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	976,575	802,170	174,405	872,735	103,835	948,055	28,510
Total persons in households with at least one census family	794,310	648,310	146,000	705,040	89,275	768,755	25,555
Married spouses, common-law partners	570,420	436,125	134,295	487,055	83,360	546,085	24,335
Lone parents	45,350	37,625	7,725	41,115	4,240	44,415	935
Children in families with two parents present	109,165	107,870	1,295	108,635	530	109,080	85
Children in families with one parent present	38,235	37,245	990	37,865	370	38,180	55
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	15,710	14,990	715	15,375	335	15,640	65
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	15,430	14,450	985	14,985	445	15,355	75
Total persons in non-census family households	182,265	153,865	28,400	167,700	14,565	179,300	2,965
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	11,235	10,315	920	10,845	390	11,210	25
Living with non-relatives only	55,295	50,785	4,510	53,265	2,025	55,030	265
Living alone	115,735	92,765	22,965	103,585	12,145	113,060	2,670
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,740	103,835	948,060	28,515
Economic family persons	790,110	644,170	145,940	700,895	89,215	764,615	25,500
Couple family	690,405	554,480	135,925	606,340	84,065	665,960	24,440
Couple only	224,365	178,030	46,340	196,435	27,935	216,750	7,620
Couple with children	454,880	366,500	88,385	399,320	55,555	438,180	16,700
Couple with other relatives only	11,155	9,955	1,200	10,580	570	11,035	120
Lone-parent family	79,630	71,180	8,450	75,160	4,475	78,645	985
Female-parent family	61,600	56,300	5,300	59,000	2,605	61,185	415
Female-parent family with no other relatives	56,650	51,585	5,065	54,140	2,515	56,270	380
Male-parent family	18,030	14,875	3,150	16,160	1,870	17,460	565
Male-parent family with no other relatives	16,955	13,895	3,060	15,130	1,830	16,395	560
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	20,075	18,515	1,565	19,400	680	20,005	75
Persons not in an economic family	186,460	157,995	28,465	171,840	14,620	183,445	3,015
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,060	28,515
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	24,670	22,240	2,430	23,510	1,160	24,425	245
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	9,905	9,150	755	9,525	380	9,835	70
Métis single identity	13,555	12,030	1,525	12,815	740	13,390	165
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	195	180	15	185	0	195	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	155	145	0	150	0	155	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	860	735	120	830	35	845	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	951,900	779,930	171,970	849,230	102,675	923,630	28,270
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	976,575	802,170	174,405	872,735	103,835	948,055	28,515
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	8,760	8,125	640	8,450	315	8,695	65
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	967,805	794,050	173,760	864,285	103,525	939,365	28,445
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	976,575	802,170	174,405	872,735	103,835	948,060	28,515
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	33,620	29,625	3,995	31,570	2,055	33,140	485
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	19,970	17,785	2,190	18,790	1,190	19,660	315
Métis ancestry	14,440	12,570	1,875	13,550	895	14,275	165
Inuit ancestry	380	360	20	370	0	375	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	942,950	772,545	170,405	841,170	101,780	914,915	28,030
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,055	28,515
First generation^{Footnote 26}	314,560	271,735	42,830	289,315	25,250	308,205	6,360
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	180,865	147,080	33,785	160,575	20,290	175,095	5,765
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	481,145	383,355	97,790	422,850	58,295	464,760	16,390
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	976,575	802,170	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,060	28,515
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	258,575	230,255	28,320	242,570	16,010	255,375	3,200
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	63,560	56,985	6,580	59,630	3,935	62,675	890
Chinese	62,220	53,225	8,990	57,045	5,175	61,150	1,065
Black	22,825	20,570	2,255	21,730	1,100	22,675	150
Filipino	38,320	35,255	3,070	36,920	1,400	38,150	170
Latin American	16,570	14,725	1,850	15,385	1,190	16,375	195
Arab	11,675	10,575	1,105	10,955	720	11,475	205
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	17,250	15,765	1,485	16,515	735	17,150	100
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	6,520	5,795	725	6,085	435	6,425	95
Korean	6,985	6,375	610	6,610	370	6,915	70
Japanese	4,110	3,445	665	3,645	465	3,945	165
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	2,335	1,965	375	2,145	190	2,285	50
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	6,195	5,580	615	5,895	300	6,150	40
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	717,995	571,915	146,080	630,170	87,825	692,680	25,315
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,060	28,515
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	665,410	533,035	132,375	586,300	79,105	643,145	22,260
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	290,760	250,670	40,085	267,380	23,385	285,100	5,660
Before 1981	72,750	59,060	13,690	64,380	8,375	70,185	2,565
1981 to 1990	42,795	35,810	6,985	38,810	3,985	41,910	890
1991 to 2000	64,555	56,610	7,940	60,155	4,395	63,610	940
2001 to 2009	95,675	84,795	10,885	89,390	6,285	94,475	1,200
2001 to 2005	54,225	47,285	6,940	50,270	3,955	53,450	780
2006 to 2009	41,450	37,505	3,940	39,120	2,330	41,025	425
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,055	28,515
English	680,935	544,135	136,800	598,635	82,310	657,325	23,615
French	16,930	13,325	3,600	14,870	2,060	16,315	610
Non-official language	262,945	230,790	32,155	244,475	18,465	258,930	4,015
Aboriginal	620	570	45	595	20	615	0
Non-Aboriginal	262,330	230,220	32,110	243,880	18,450	258,315	4,015
English and French	745	625	125	700	40	715	30
English and non-official language	14,325	12,715	1,615	13,435	895	14,100	230
French and non-official language	600	515	90	540	55	585	0
English, French and non-official language	90	75	20	85	0	85	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,055	28,515
English	936,830	766,975	169,850	835,580	101,250	909,040	27,795
French	16,920	13,320	3,600	14,880	2,045	16,330	590
English and French	4,675	4,075	600	4,320	355	4,585	95
Neither English nor French	18,145	17,795	350	17,960	185	18,115	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	976,570	802,175	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,060	28,515
No certificate, diploma or degree	146,835	141,850	4,980	144,340	2,495	146,285	545
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	243,310	224,165	19,145	233,020	10,295	241,225	2,090
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	586,425	436,155	150,275	495,380	91,045	560,545	25,880
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	304,945	248,660	56,290	275,035	29,910	299,365	5,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	80,325	66,585	13,740	73,875	6,450	79,525	800
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	174,010	141,615	32,390	156,400	17,610	170,590	3,420
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	50,605	40,450	10,155	44,760	5,855	49,255	1,355
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	281,485	187,495	93,980	220,350	61,130	261,185	20,300
Bachelor's degree	194,180	133,140	61,045	155,925	38,255	181,890	12,290
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	87,300	54,360	32,940	64,420	22,875	79,290	8,010
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	976,570	802,175	174,405	872,735	103,835	948,055	28,515
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	390,145	366,015	24,125	377,355	12,790	387,510	2,635
Education	38,410	29,370	9,045	35,560	2,850	37,985	430
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,480	17,240	2,240	18,390	1,090	19,335	150
Humanities	26,950	22,830	4,115	24,660	2,290	26,435	515
Social and behavioural sciences and law	57,960	44,360	13,600	49,255	8,710	54,950	3,010
Business, management and public administration	135,075	99,020	36,060	110,975	24,100	127,820	7,255
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,385	20,255	10,135	23,225	7,160	27,670	2,720
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	26,375	19,235	7,135	22,315	4,055	25,725	645
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	143,760	96,100	47,660	113,420	30,335	135,335	8,425
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,815	7,485	2,330	8,385	1,425	9,570	250
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	75,090	59,790	15,300	67,440	7,650	72,805	2,285
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,080	20,425	2,655	21,710	1,370	22,875	200
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	45	35	0	35	0	45	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	976,570	802,175	174,405	872,735	103,835	948,055	28,515
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	203,295	196,220	7,075	199,205	4,090	202,085	1,215
All industries^{Footnote 54}	773,280	605,955	167,325	673,530	99,745	745,975	27,300
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,430	3,910	520	4,090	340	4,360	70
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	47,670	19,940	27,730	26,665	21,005	39,520	8,150
22 Utilities	8,610	4,020	4,590	5,440	3,170	7,825	785
23 Construction	65,840	53,705	12,140	59,375	6,470	64,420	1,425
31-33 Manufacturing	44,040	34,485	9,550	38,475	5,565	42,900	1,140
41 Wholesale trade	33,170	23,615	9,550	27,120	6,045	31,535	1,635
44-45 Retail trade	85,755	80,190	5,560	82,775	2,975	85,195	555
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	42,170	34,835	7,340	37,870	4,300	41,220	950
51 Information and cultural industries	17,465	13,180	4,285	15,060	2,405	17,010	460
52 Finance and insurance	28,985	21,340	7,645	23,630	5,355	26,965	2,015
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	17,080	13,605	3,470	14,735	2,340	16,410	665
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	89,075	58,885	30,190	69,120	19,960	83,410	5,665
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,300	885	415	1,000	295	1,195	105
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,705	29,040	2,665	29,965	1,740	31,315	390
61 Educational services	48,420	35,845	12,580	44,015	4,410	47,790	630
62 Health care and social assistance	71,220	57,695	13,525	65,030	6,190	69,435	1,785
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	19,775	18,640	1,135	19,140	635	19,685	95
72 Accommodation and food services	48,660	47,380	1,285	48,060	600	48,550	105
81 Other services (except public administration)	34,655	31,440	3,220	33,140	1,520	34,390	265
91 Public administration	33,260	23,320	9,935	28,825	4,435	32,840	415
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	976,570	802,170	174,400	872,735	103,835	948,055	28,515
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	203,290	196,215	7,075	199,205	4,090	202,080	1,215
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	773,275	605,955	167,325	673,530	99,745	745,980	27,300
0 Management occupations	87,075	49,055	38,025	59,160	27,920	77,430	9,645
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	146,150	117,915	28,235	129,020	17,130	141,970	4,175
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	88,045	48,745	39,300	62,550	25,490	81,250	6,790
3 Health occupations	42,735	31,505	11,230	37,375	5,365	40,870	1,870
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,130	55,750	21,380	67,330	9,800	74,490	2,635
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,495	18,915	1,580	19,670	825	20,380	115
6 Sales and service occupations	175,630	166,535	9,095	170,710	4,925	174,685	950
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	105,645	91,525	14,125	99,990	5,660	105,055	595
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	12,430	10,250	2,175	11,075	1,350	12,035	390
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,940	15,770	2,175	16,660	1,280	17,805	130

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Return to footnote 3 referrer

The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56