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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Edmonton
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 25.4 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	935,285	786,320	148,960	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,815
Male	465,305	357,020	108,290	403,850	61,455	453,920	11,390
Female	469,980	429,305	40,675	452,840	17,140	467,550	2,420
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,590	921,470	13,815
15 to 24 years	163,490	161,680	1,805	162,820	670	163,470	15
25 to 54 years	521,650	414,860	106,790	467,055	54,600	512,925	8,725
25 to 34 years	184,975	161,905	23,065	175,675	9,300	184,165	810
35 to 44 years	161,250	123,755	37,490	142,100	19,145	158,305	2,940
45 to 54 years	175,435	129,195	46,240	149,275	26,150	170,455	4,975
55 to 64 years	131,765	100,740	31,030	113,695	18,075	128,060	3,705
65 years and over	118,380	109,045	9,340	113,125	5,255	117,020	1,360
65 to 74 years	68,855	61,895	6,955	64,870	3,975	67,860	995
75 years and over	49,530	47,145	2,385	48,250	1,275	49,160	370
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,815
Married or living with a common-law partner	543,905	428,405	115,505	480,805	63,100	532,185	11,715
Married (and not separated)	461,600	358,860	102,740	404,825	56,775	450,560	11,040
Living common law	82,310	69,545	12,760	75,980	6,325	81,630	680
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	391,380	357,920	33,460	375,885	15,495	389,285	2,100
Single (never legally married)	276,340	259,600	16,740	269,415	6,925	275,555	785
Separated	22,000	18,460	3,545	20,130	1,870	21,740	260
Divorced	58,105	47,380	10,725	52,695	5,405	57,340	760
Widowed	34,940	32,485	2,450	33,640	1,295	34,640	295
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,815
Total persons in households with at least one census family	756,935	631,625	125,310	689,390	67,545	744,550	12,385
Married spouses, common-law partners	534,370	419,870	114,500	471,785	62,585	522,750	11,620
Lone parents	49,555	43,085	6,475	46,540	3,015	49,045	510
Children in families with two parents present	104,280	102,735	1,545	103,650	635	104,195	90
Children in families with one parent present	40,550	39,365	1,185	39,955	590	40,455	95
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	14,965	14,290	675	14,615	345	14,925	40
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	13,220	12,270	940	12,840	375	13,185	30
Total persons in non-census family households	178,350	154,695	23,655	167,300	11,045	176,920	1,430
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	12,715	11,705	1,010	12,335	380	12,675	35
Living with non-relatives only	49,630	46,075	3,555	48,140	1,495	49,445	190
Living alone	116,005	96,910	19,095	106,825	9,170	114,805	1,200
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,810
Economic family persons	756,435	631,060	125,375	688,880	67,550	744,040	12,395
Couple family	648,240	531,935	116,305	584,910	63,330	636,500	11,740
Couple only	224,655	185,195	39,460	203,625	21,025	220,830	3,820
Couple with children	412,985	337,415	75,570	371,370	41,615	405,175	7,810
Couple with other relatives only	10,605	9,325	1,280	9,915	690	10,490	110
Lone-parent family	85,955	78,535	7,420	82,385	3,565	85,360	590
Female-parent family	67,510	63,205	4,300	65,685	1,820	67,270	240
Female-parent family with no other relatives	62,005	57,995	4,010	60,325	1,670	61,775	225
Male-parent family	18,445	15,325	3,120	16,695	1,745	18,090	355
Male-parent family with no other relatives	17,360	14,340	3,015	15,640	1,720	17,010	345
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	22,240	20,590	1,650	21,580	655	22,175	65
Persons not in an economic family	178,850	155,260	23,590	167,810	11,040	177,430	1,420
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,815
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	44,235	39,985	4,255	42,040	2,200	43,880	355
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	18,205	17,050	1,155	17,640	565	18,175	30
Métis single identity	23,895	20,965	2,930	22,355	1,540	23,580	315
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	860	780	75	815	45	855	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	640	615	25	630	0	630	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	650	570	75	610	40	635	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	891,045	746,335	144,710	814,650	76,395	877,590	13,460
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	935,280	786,320	148,965	856,695	78,595	921,470	13,815
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	16,805	15,730	1,075	16,260	545	16,760	55
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	918,475	770,590	147,885	840,430	78,045	904,715	13,760
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,465	13,815
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	53,815	47,895	5,920	50,755	3,065	53,355	460
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	33,055	30,055	3,000	31,515	1,540	32,935	120
Métis ancestry	22,080	18,990	3,090	20,460	1,620	21,710	370
Inuit ancestry	1,045	925	115	960	85	1,030	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	881,470	738,425	143,050	805,940	75,530	868,115	13,360
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,810
First generation^{Footnote 26}	239,640	209,170	30,470	223,305	16,340	236,695	2,950
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	176,925	148,625	28,295	162,205	14,715	173,990	2,930
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	518,725	428,525	90,190	471,180	47,540	510,785	7,935
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,815
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	197,380	176,750	20,635	187,165	10,220	195,795	1,585
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	46,435	40,935	5,505	43,595	2,850	45,875	565
Chinese	43,580	38,075	5,515	40,590	2,990	43,075	505
Black	22,530	20,595	1,935	21,765	770	22,465	65
Filipino	31,810	29,060	2,750	30,620	1,185	31,695	120
Latin American	11,775	10,545	1,230	11,115	660	11,715	55
Arab	10,695	9,745	950	10,205	490	10,590	105
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	13,015	11,790	1,225	12,450	570	12,960	55
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	5,080	4,670	420	4,890	195	5,035	50
Korean	3,835	3,575	255	3,725	105	3,825	0
Japanese	2,090	1,825	260	1,960	130	2,065	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	1,690	1,520	175	1,610	80	1,675	15
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	4,840	4,415	425	4,640	200	4,830	10
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	737,905	609,570	128,330	669,530	68,370	725,675	12,230
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,590	921,465	13,815
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	698,245	579,280	118,965	635,730	62,510	687,345	10,900
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	216,465	187,705	28,755	201,055	15,405	213,645	2,820
Before 1981	67,520	55,945	11,575	60,910	6,610	66,115	1,410
1981 to 1990	33,340	27,990	5,350	30,525	2,820	32,825	515
1991 to 2000	42,980	37,825	5,160	40,475	2,505	42,545	435
2001 to 2009	61,635	55,505	6,130	58,430	3,205	61,210	430
2001 to 2005	32,545	28,710	3,830	30,570	1,980	32,295	255
2006 to 2009	29,085	26,790	2,300	27,860	1,225	28,915	175
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	935,280	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,590	921,470	13,815
English	682,540	564,335	118,210	620,020	62,520	671,340	11,205
French	22,060	17,780	4,280	19,840	2,220	21,810	250
Non-official language	216,610	191,570	25,045	203,495	13,115	214,365	2,245
Aboriginal	2,345	2,190	155	2,290	60	2,340	0
Non-Aboriginal	214,265	189,380	24,885	201,205	13,060	212,025	2,235
English and French	890	725	165	790	100	890	0
English and non-official language	12,545	11,355	1,190	11,945	600	12,440	105
French and non-official language	520	455	60	480	35	515	0
English, French and non-official language	120	105	0	120	0	120	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	935,285	786,325	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,815
English	899,410	755,065	144,350	823,195	76,215	885,860	13,550
French	21,230	17,115	4,115	19,085	2,150	21,015	220
English and French	3,540	3,245	295	3,415	130	3,520	20
Neither English nor French	11,100	10,900	205	11,000	105	11,075	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,815
No certificate, diploma or degree	163,085	155,860	7,225	159,550	3,540	162,480	610
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	249,785	229,910	19,880	239,795	9,985	248,140	1,640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	522,410	400,555	121,855	457,345	65,065	510,845	11,565
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	317,760	255,325	62,435	284,695	33,070	313,390	4,370
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	102,035	77,585	24,450	88,685	13,350	100,605	1,425
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	172,575	142,700	29,870	157,065	15,510	170,405	2,165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	43,150	35,040	8,115	38,945	4,205	42,380	775
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	204,645	145,230	59,415	172,650	31,995	197,455	7,190
Bachelor's degree	138,525	103,000	35,525	121,150	17,365	135,005	3,525
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	66,125	42,230	23,895	51,495	14,630	62,455	3,670
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,810
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	412,875	385,765	27,105	399,350	13,525	410,620	2,255
Education	41,165	31,275	9,895	38,230	2,940	40,845	315
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15,585	14,145	1,440	14,915	665	15,470	115
Humanities	22,720	19,295	3,425	21,010	1,705	22,335	380
Social and behavioural sciences and law	43,660	34,805	8,860	38,485	5,175	42,405	1,260
Business, management and public administration	104,100	83,650	20,455	92,445	11,655	101,495	2,605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	22,250	17,145	5,105	19,425	2,825	21,865	385
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,800	14,700	4,105	16,755	2,045	18,560	240
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	138,505	92,280	46,230	111,475	27,035	134,660	3,845
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,155	7,165	1,995	8,215	940	9,025	135
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	80,860	63,875	16,985	72,420	8,440	78,680	2,180
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,575	22,200	3,375	23,940	1,635	25,470	105
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	25	25	0	25	0	30	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	935,280	786,320	148,960	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,815
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	207,445	202,165	5,280	204,900	2,545	206,795	645
All industries^{Footnote 54}	727,845	584,150	143,685	651,785	76,055	714,675	13,170
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,190	5,570	625	5,780	415	6,105	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,115	11,045	9,070	14,240	5,870	19,045	1,075
22 Utilities	7,790	4,125	3,670	5,455	2,340	7,490	300
23 Construction	71,825	54,050	17,780	61,830	10,005	70,265	1,565
31-33 Manufacturing	47,400	35,305	12,095	40,320	7,075	46,450	940
41 Wholesale trade	35,000	26,795	8,205	30,325	4,670	34,130	870
44-45 Retail trade	84,525	78,375	6,145	81,280	3,240	83,925	600
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	33,640	28,005	5,640	30,710	2,930	33,245	395
51 Information and cultural industries	13,260	10,580	2,680	11,980	1,285	13,030	235
52 Finance and insurance	25,365	19,705	5,660	22,015	3,350	24,375	995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,700	11,950	2,755	13,065	1,635	14,290	410
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	51,125	37,055	14,070	42,590	8,535	49,230	1,900
55 Management of companies and enterprises	700	465	235	530	175	610	90
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25,965	23,560	2,400	24,680	1,285	25,730	230
61 Educational services	55,770	41,100	14,670	50,315	5,460	55,110	660
62 Health care and social assistance	77,410	62,955	14,455	70,705	6,700	75,700	1,705
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,410	12,785	625	13,065	345	13,340	75
72 Accommodation and food services	46,765	45,585	1,175	46,115	650	46,595	170
81 Other services (except public administration)	37,280	32,665	4,615	34,985	2,295	37,025	255
91 Public administration	59,600	42,480	17,120	51,815	7,790	58,990	610
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	935,285	786,320	148,965	856,690	78,595	921,470	13,810
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	207,445	202,165	5,280	204,900	2,540	206,800	645
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	727,840	584,155	143,690	651,790	76,050	714,670	13,170
0 Management occupations	76,360	44,790	31,575	55,475	20,895	71,610	4,760
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	124,615	109,290	15,325	116,830	7,795	123,085	1,535
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	53,940	34,180	19,755	43,895	10,045	52,570	1,365
3 Health occupations	48,630	35,895	12,735	42,625	6,005	46,815	1,815
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	81,700	60,645	21,055	73,090	8,615	80,340	1,360
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	18,090	16,905	1,190	17,565	530	17,995	95
6 Sales and service occupations	162,390	154,110	8,280	158,225	4,165	161,680	705
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	128,180	101,895	26,280	115,135	13,050	127,280	900
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	13,890	10,900	2,990	11,950	1,940	13,580	315
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20,030	15,535	4,495	17,005	3,020	19,720	315

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Return to footnote 3 referrer

The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56