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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Age groups (8C)

Sex (3)

Work activity in 2010 (3)

Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6)^{Footnote 1}

This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Ontario^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 27.1 %
Selected sociocultural characteristics (60)	Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
Selected sociocultural characteristics (60)	Total - Income statistics in 2010^Footnote 4	Without income	With income	Median income^Footnote 5	Average income^Footnote 6	Without after-tax income	With after-tax income	Median after-tax income^Footnote 7	Average after-tax income^Footnote 8	Total - Employment income statistics in 2010^Footnote 9	With employment income	Median employment income^Footnote 10	Average employment income^Footnote 11	With wages and salaries	Median wages and salaries^Footnote 12	Average wages and salaries^Footnote 13
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	10,473,665	556,515	9,917,150	30,526	42,264	558,355	9,915,310	28,118	35,249	10,473,665	7,150,800	32,863	43,833	6,600,380	34,803	44,542
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 14}	227,235	17,590	209,640	22,546	31,070	17,595	209,640	21,730	27,407	227,235	142,050	25,419	33,400	135,305	26,225	33,887
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 15}	147,250	12,460	134,790	20,913	29,146	12,455	134,795	20,303	26,058	147,255	87,230	24,815	32,314	83,775	25,152	32,650
Métis single identity	69,440	4,290	65,155	25,798	34,298	4,295	65,145	24,537	29,685	69,440	47,925	26,930	34,927	45,205	28,470	35,790
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	2,150	135	2,020	23,395	32,845	135	2,020	23,337	28,687	2,155	1,545	22,166	33,119	1,500	21,740	33,210
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 16}	2,045	175	1,865	25,652	32,537	175	1,865	23,819	27,980	2,045	1,350	24,900	32,825	1,200	25,720	33,856
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 17}	6,350	535	5,810	28,702	38,415	530	5,815	26,357	32,546	6,345	4,005	27,965	39,090	3,625	31,092	39,017
Non-Aboriginal identity	10,246,430	538,920	9,707,510	30,696	42,506	540,765	9,705,665	28,276	35,419	10,246,435	7,008,745	33,023	44,045	6,465,080	34,912	44,765
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 18}	10,473,665	556,515	9,917,150	30,526	42,264	558,360	9,915,310	28,118	35,249	10,473,665	7,150,805	32,863	43,833	6,600,380	34,803	44,542
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 19}	107,215	8,690	98,525	20,478	28,487	8,675	98,540	19,947	25,746	107,215	61,775	24,943	31,918	59,245	25,320	32,215
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	10,366,455	547,830	9,818,625	30,629	42,402	549,685	9,816,770	28,215	35,345	10,366,455	7,089,025	32,945	43,937	6,541,130	34,865	44,653
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 20}	10,473,665	556,515	9,917,150	30,526	42,264	558,360	9,915,310	28,118	35,249	10,473,670	7,150,800	32,863	43,833	6,600,380	34,803	44,542
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	329,725	24,255	305,475	24,570	33,735	24,270	305,455	23,313	29,275	329,725	219,825	27,191	35,712	208,930	28,217	36,291
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 22}	256,375	20,050	236,330	23,390	32,730	20,050	236,330	22,373	28,530	256,375	165,435	26,744	35,245	157,225	27,648	35,763
Métis ancestry	74,890	4,365	70,525	29,395	37,070	4,390	70,505	26,988	31,747	74,890	55,195	29,199	37,083	52,435	30,077	37,851
Inuit ancestry	3,970	235	3,735	23,949	36,337	235	3,735	22,929	30,979	3,970	2,995	21,860	36,232	2,890	22,130	36,838
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 23}	10,143,945	532,260	9,611,680	30,694	42,535	534,085	9,609,860	28,276	35,439	10,143,940	6,930,980	33,047	44,091	6,391,445	34,929	44,811
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 24}	10,473,665	556,515	9,917,150	30,526	42,264	558,360	9,915,310	28,118	35,249	10,473,670	7,150,805	32,863	43,833	6,600,380	34,803	44,542
First generation^{Footnote 25}	3,585,600	172,190	3,413,410	26,930	38,641	172,890	3,412,710	25,408	32,723	3,585,600	2,249,195	31,891	42,484	2,038,025	34,447	43,881
Second generation^{Footnote 26}	2,064,745	144,660	1,920,080	34,082	46,298	144,920	1,919,820	30,939	38,044	2,064,745	1,458,650	35,553	47,068	1,356,645	37,071	47,235
Third generation or more^{Footnote 27}	4,823,325	239,670	4,583,655	32,112	43,272	240,545	4,582,775	29,332	35,960	4,823,325	3,442,960	32,484	43,345	3,205,710	34,028	43,822
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 28}	10,473,665	556,515	9,917,150	30,526	42,264	558,360	9,915,310	28,118	35,249	10,473,665	7,150,805	32,863	43,833	6,600,380	34,803	44,542
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 29}	2,576,785	214,590	2,362,195	23,508	34,091	214,920	2,361,865	22,479	29,273	2,576,780	1,691,715	29,343	38,340	1,574,190	30,678	39,182
South Asian^{Footnote 30}	742,065	63,370	678,690	23,428	34,615	63,585	678,480	22,472	29,679	742,065	490,995	28,992	38,790	454,500	30,477	39,739
Chinese	529,425	38,015	491,410	22,339	35,689	38,085	491,340	21,501	30,304	529,425	336,050	31,510	42,144	310,405	33,629	43,065
Black	397,935	34,900	363,040	25,530	33,086	34,890	363,050	24,270	28,861	397,940	261,290	29,322	35,588	247,330	30,387	36,389
Filipino	221,370	17,165	204,210	28,020	34,281	17,160	204,210	25,908	29,735	221,370	166,105	30,338	35,844	161,675	30,868	36,152
Latin American	143,185	11,765	131,415	23,696	31,716	11,775	131,405	22,495	27,657	143,185	98,810	27,596	34,613	91,615	29,161	35,481
Arab	114,230	11,600	102,625	19,881	34,170	11,620	102,610	19,407	28,988	114,230	66,565	26,455	40,967	60,160	29,005	41,835
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 31}	111,705	8,400	103,305	23,346	32,152	8,410	103,300	22,105	27,744	111,710	74,385	29,351	36,392	70,085	30,214	36,862
West Asian^{Footnote 32}	99,255	9,920	89,340	17,819	30,428	9,935	89,325	17,516	26,031	99,260	58,835	23,791	36,622	52,225	25,592	38,176
Korean	65,695	6,330	59,360	17,474	29,720	6,335	59,360	17,270	25,470	65,695	38,140	22,904	36,535	31,530	26,125	39,267
Japanese	23,615	1,675	21,935	33,179	46,933	1,680	21,935	30,097	38,277	23,610	14,820	37,394	51,695	13,585	39,847	52,681
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 33}	63,800	4,890	58,905	25,337	33,266	4,895	58,905	23,966	28,828	63,800	42,365	30,589	36,740	40,125	32,001	37,607
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 34}	64,495	6,545	57,945	24,047	34,828	6,550	57,940	22,794	29,562	64,495	43,350	29,202	38,630	40,965	30,023	39,047
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 35}	7,896,885	341,925	7,554,960	32,839	44,819	343,435	7,553,445	29,994	37,118	7,896,885	5,459,085	34,300	45,536	5,026,190	36,024	46,220
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 36}	10,473,665	556,515	9,917,155	30,526	42,264	558,355	9,915,310	28,118	35,249	10,473,670	7,150,800	32,863	43,833	6,600,380	34,803	44,542
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 37}	6,912,390	385,535	6,526,860	32,657	44,195	386,670	6,525,720	29,796	36,596	6,912,390	4,920,360	33,427	44,486	4,579,750	34,904	44,863
Immigrants^{Footnote 38}	3,442,895	161,130	3,281,770	27,396	38,917	161,835	3,281,060	25,781	32,980	3,442,895	2,165,330	32,160	42,543	1,958,325	34,854	44,009
Before 1981	1,187,405	14,800	1,172,610	31,765	45,640	15,185	1,172,220	29,371	38,092	1,187,405	608,535	37,310	49,773	533,575	40,644	52,013
1981 to 1990	538,280	9,275	529,010	32,033	42,447	9,445	528,835	29,624	35,751	538,285	392,585	38,706	47,482	356,945	40,526	49,058
1991 to 2000	850,710	37,845	812,865	25,672	35,640	37,925	812,790	24,339	30,585	850,710	601,805	31,776	40,246	551,495	33,964	41,640
2001 to 2009	767,350	63,670	703,685	21,166	30,442	63,730	703,625	20,480	26,447	767,355	523,320	24,673	34,227	479,580	26,332	35,332
2001 to 2005	456,225	34,315	421,915	23,327	32,681	34,350	421,880	22,304	28,269	456,225	320,825	27,406	36,417	293,185	29,708	37,732
2006 to 2009	311,125	29,350	281,770	18,348	27,090	29,380	281,745	17,951	23,718	311,125	202,495	21,301	30,756	186,395	22,408	31,557
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 39}	10,473,665	556,515	9,917,150	30,526	42,264	558,360	9,915,305	28,118	35,249	10,473,665	7,150,805	32,863	43,833	6,600,380	34,803	44,542
English	6,979,095	360,630	6,618,465	32,504	44,267	361,760	6,617,340	29,704	36,650	6,979,095	4,924,540	33,284	44,608	4,575,475	34,872	45,031
French	415,630	15,425	400,200	36,291	45,576	15,520	400,110	32,667	37,948	415,630	279,935	39,658	47,115	261,800	41,131	48,085
Non-official language	2,910,900	166,850	2,744,045	25,649	37,224	167,435	2,743,465	24,349	31,676	2,910,905	1,830,685	31,006	41,473	1,654,785	33,582	42,871
Aboriginal	13,340	795	12,545	17,840	25,975	780	12,560	17,799	24,798	13,340	6,355	24,807	32,383	6,260	25,146	32,617
Non-Aboriginal	2,897,560	166,055	2,731,500	25,693	37,275	166,655	2,730,905	24,384	31,708	2,897,560	1,824,340	31,035	41,505	1,648,520	33,637	42,910
English and French	14,255	760	13,500	26,156	35,173	760	13,500	24,673	30,250	14,255	9,035	26,553	35,592	8,510	27,417	36,080
English and non-official language	143,500	12,040	131,450	27,538	37,568	12,080	131,415	25,748	31,832	143,495	100,000	32,105	40,592	93,830	33,468	41,119
French and non-official language	8,850	670	8,180	29,167	39,115	670	8,180	26,740	33,085	8,850	5,765	34,018	42,767	5,225	37,454	44,762
English, French and non-official language	1,440	140	1,305	18,262	28,944	135	1,300	18,137	25,278	1,440	845	24,715	33,650	755	23,585	32,366
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 40}	10,473,670	556,515	9,917,150	30,526	42,264	558,355	9,915,310	28,118	35,249	10,473,670	7,150,800	32,863	43,833	6,600,380	34,803	44,542
English	9,754,280	517,110	9,237,175	30,951	42,662	518,795	9,235,495	28,493	35,535	9,754,285	6,755,665	32,849	43,896	6,236,985	34,747	44,570
French	423,340	16,450	406,895	36,187	45,511	16,545	406,800	32,625	37,898	423,345	285,755	39,604	47,141	267,425	41,084	48,042
English and French	62,010	6,715	55,290	24,571	38,316	6,730	55,280	23,615	32,172	62,005	40,635	29,724	41,748	37,075	31,724	41,958
Neither English nor French	234,030	16,240	217,790	16,660	20,296	16,290	217,740	16,601	18,955	234,035	68,745	18,160	25,115	58,890	20,746	27,251

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 5

For population with income.

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Footnote 6

For population with income.

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Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 8

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 9

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 11

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 13

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 14

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 15

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 16

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 17

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 18

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Footnote 19

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 20

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 22

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Footnote 23

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 24

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 25

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 26

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 27

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 28

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 29

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 30

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 31

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 36

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 37

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 38

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 39

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 40

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.

Date modified:: 2019-01-23

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