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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Sherbrooke
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 17.3 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
Male	80,155	73,925	6,235	77,065	3,090	79,395	760
Female	84,935	82,550	2,385	83,980	950	84,700	230
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
15 to 24 years	27,540	27,535	0	27,540	0	27,540	0
25 to 54 years	79,610	73,905	5,700	77,105	2,500	79,005	605
25 to 34 years	25,990	25,410	580	25,800	195	25,950	40
35 to 44 years	23,570	21,635	1,935	22,795	775	23,380	190
45 to 54 years	30,045	26,860	3,185	28,510	1,535	29,670	380
55 to 64 years	28,310	26,290	2,020	27,215	1,090	28,050	260
65 years and over	29,630	28,740	890	29,180	450	29,500	130
65 to 74 years	17,850	17,230	625	17,505	345	17,755	100
75 years and over	11,775	11,515	260	11,670	105	11,745	35
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
Married or living with a common-law partner	93,630	86,945	6,685	90,325	3,305	92,830	800
Married (and not separated)	53,375	49,165	4,205	51,170	2,205	52,805	570
Living common law	40,260	37,780	2,480	39,155	1,100	40,025	235
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	71,460	69,530	1,925	70,720	740	71,265	190
Single (never legally married)	47,810	46,810	1,005	47,380	430	47,695	115
Separated	2,325	2,235	90	2,290	35	2,310	15
Divorced	13,425	12,815	610	13,230	195	13,380	45
Widowed	7,900	7,670	230	7,815	80	7,880	15
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
Total persons in households with at least one census family	124,190	116,930	7,255	120,680	3,505	123,330	855
Married spouses, common-law partners	93,025	86,380	6,650	89,750	3,275	92,235	790
Lone parents	8,795	8,280	515	8,595	195	8,735	60
Children in families with two parents present	13,735	13,710	30	13,730	0	13,735	0
Children in families with one parent present	6,580	6,560	0	6,570	0	6,580	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	1,195	1,165	25	1,185	0	1,190	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	860	840	20	850	0	855	0
Total persons in non-census family households	40,900	39,540	1,360	40,360	540	40,765	140
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	1,520	1,475	40	1,505	0	1,515	0
Living with non-relatives only	7,080	6,960	110	7,055	25	7,080	0
Living alone	32,310	31,100	1,210	31,800	505	32,170	140
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	165,090	156,470	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
Economic family persons	124,845	117,570	7,280	121,335	3,510	123,990	855
Couple family	107,365	100,685	6,680	104,075	3,290	106,565	800
Couple only	49,995	47,375	2,620	48,635	1,360	49,670	325
Couple with children	56,240	52,205	4,035	54,335	1,910	55,775	465
Couple with other relatives only	1,130	1,100	25	1,110	0	1,130	0
Lone-parent family	15,250	14,705	540	15,045	205	15,190	60
Female-parent family	10,965	10,680	290	10,880	90	10,935	35
Female-parent family with no other relatives	10,670	10,390	275	10,585	85	10,635	30
Male-parent family	4,280	4,025	255	4,165	115	4,255	25
Male-parent family with no other relatives	4,080	3,825	255	3,960	115	4,050	25
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	2,230	2,180	55	2,215	20	2,235	0
Persons not in an economic family	40,245	38,905	1,335	39,710	530	40,105	140
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	1,520	1,470	45	1,490	25	1,510	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	900	865	35	875	25	885	0
Métis single identity	505	495	10	500	0	505	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	20	20	0	20	0	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	30	25	0	25	0	30	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	70	70	0	70	0	70	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	163,570	155,000	8,570	159,555	4,020	162,585	985
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	320	300	0	295	0	305	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	164,770	156,175	8,595	160,745	4,020	163,785	980
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	165,090	156,470	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	5,775	5,630	150	5,720	65	5,765	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	5,300	5,170	135	5,240	60	5,290	0
Métis ancestry	475	455	15	475	0	470	0
Inuit ancestry	45	45	0	40	0	45	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	159,310	150,845	8,465	155,325	3,980	158,325	985
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
First generation^{Footnote 26}	11,680	11,130	550	11,415	265	11,610	65
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	5,740	5,445	295	5,570	170	5,690	55
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	147,665	139,895	7,775	144,060	3,605	146,795	870
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	165,090	156,470	8,615	161,045	4,040	164,090	995
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	6,425	6,200	220	6,290	130	6,370	55
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	385	375	0	385	0	390	0
Chinese	305	280	20	290	15	305	0
Black	1,765	1,710	50	1,750	0	1,755	0
Filipino	40	35	0	40	0	40	0
Latin American	1,775	1,755	20	1,760	0	1,770	0
Arab	1,055	1,015	40	1,035	20	1,045	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	500	440	60	445	55	460	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	370	365	0	365	0	370	0
Korean	45	45	0	45	0	50	0
Japanese	45	45	0	45	0	40	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	30	0	0	20	0	25	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	115	115	0	120	0	115	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	158,665	150,275	8,395	154,755	3,915	157,725	945
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	165,090	156,475	8,620	161,045	4,045	164,090	995
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	153,620	145,550	8,070	149,845	3,775	152,695	930
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	10,585	10,045	540	10,320	265	10,525	60
Before 1981	2,035	1,810	220	1,930	105	2,015	20
1981 to 1990	1,035	950	85	985	55	1,030	0
1991 to 2000	2,305	2,180	130	2,255	50	2,290	20
2001 to 2009	4,250	4,155	90	4,200	45	4,235	15
2001 to 2005	2,120	2,065	55	2,085	30	2,110	0
2006 to 2009	2,130	2,095	40	2,120	15	2,120	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	165,090	156,470	8,620	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
English	8,735	8,255	480	8,495	240	8,680	55
French	148,390	140,570	7,815	144,750	3,640	147,505	885
Non-official language	7,185	6,905	280	7,040	150	7,145	40
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,180	6,900	280	7,035	150	7,140	40
English and French	335	320	15	325	0	325	0
English and non-official language	140	130	0	130	0	130	0
French and non-official language	290	275	15	285	0	290	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	165,085	156,470	8,620	161,045	4,045	164,090	995
English	9,645	9,120	530	9,380	270	9,580	70
French	153,265	145,285	7,985	149,560	3,710	152,360	910
English and French	1,695	1,595	100	1,635	65	1,685	20
Neither English nor French	475	475	0	475	0	475	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,040	4,045	164,095	995
No certificate, diploma or degree	33,865	33,585	275	33,780	85	33,825	30
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	35,190	34,400	795	34,810	385	35,105	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	96,040	88,485	7,550	92,455	3,580	95,160	875
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	64,545	62,110	2,430	63,555	990	64,350	195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	29,305	28,520	785	28,960	345	29,235	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	28,390	27,295	1,090	28,015	375	28,310	80
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	6,855	6,290	560	6,585	270	6,810	45
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	31,490	26,375	5,115	28,895	2,595	30,810	680
Bachelor's degree	18,520	16,345	2,175	17,490	1,035	18,360	165
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	12,970	10,030	2,940	11,410	1,560	12,450	515
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	165,090	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	69,055	67,985	1,070	68,590	460	68,935	120
Education	9,145	8,630	520	8,990	150	9,125	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,740	2,655	80	2,700	40	2,735	0
Humanities	6,280	5,985	295	6,180	105	6,265	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,905	7,305	600	7,595	315	7,820	85
Business, management and public administration	20,110	18,250	1,860	19,085	1,025	19,910	205
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,085	3,750	335	3,940	145	4,080	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,870	2,610	260	2,785	85	2,865	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,925	19,180	1,745	20,180	750	20,795	135
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,905	1,820	80	1,870	30	1,890	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	13,715	12,175	1,540	12,880	835	13,320	395
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,205	5,975	230	6,100	105	6,200	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	160	155	0	160	0	160	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	165,085	156,475	8,615	161,045	4,045	164,095	995
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	54,785	54,210	575	54,550	230	54,720	60
All industries^{Footnote 54}	110,310	102,265	8,045	106,490	3,815	109,375	935
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,465	1,445	15	1,450	0	1,460	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	265	150	105	195	70	230	0
22 Utilities	475	400	80	445	35	470	0
23 Construction	6,455	6,015	440	6,290	165	6,420	30
31-33 Manufacturing	13,915	12,630	1,280	13,320	590	13,805	110
41 Wholesale trade	2,565	2,320	245	2,440	125	2,555	0
44-45 Retail trade	14,345	13,950	400	14,090	260	14,285	60
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,130	3,020	115	3,075	55	3,110	25
51 Information and cultural industries	1,610	1,460	150	1,560	50	1,605	0
52 Finance and insurance	3,385	2,850	530	3,085	300	3,295	85
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,465	1,355	105	1,410	55	1,445	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,715	5,910	800	6,275	435	6,630	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	85	25	95	15	105	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,555	4,425	135	4,510	45	4,545	15
61 Educational services	12,150	10,825	1,325	11,540	610	12,085	65
62 Health care and social assistance	17,020	15,705	1,310	16,390	630	16,685	335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,870	1,810	65	1,835	45	1,840	0
72 Accommodation and food services	7,730	7,685	40	7,710	15	7,730	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,995	4,865	125	4,950	40	4,990	0
91 Public administration	6,090	5,350	740	5,825	265	6,075	15
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	165,090	156,470	8,615	161,040	4,045	164,095	995
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	54,780	54,210	575	54,550	230	54,725	60
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	110,310	102,265	8,040	106,495	3,815	109,370	935
0 Management occupations	9,190	6,840	2,350	7,980	1,215	8,935	255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,555	15,570	985	16,085	475	16,440	110
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,825	6,095	730	6,545	280	6,795	30
3 Health occupations	9,260	8,070	1,195	8,575	685	8,910	355
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,365	13,955	1,410	14,695	670	15,285	85
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,055	2,990	65	3,010	45	3,025	0
6 Sales and service occupations	27,690	27,250	440	27,470	220	27,650	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,480	13,855	625	14,325	155	14,465	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,485	1,430	55	1,450	0	1,455	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,400	6,215	190	6,365	40	6,400	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56