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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Hamilton
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 26.7 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	588,195	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,355
Male	283,595	238,045	45,545	259,775	23,820	278,495	5,095
Female	304,595	282,385	22,215	296,400	8,195	303,335	1,260
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	588,190	520,435	67,755	556,175	32,015	581,835	6,355
15 to 24 years	94,885	94,710	175	94,825	60	94,880	0
25 to 54 years	294,970	248,105	46,865	273,760	21,205	290,930	4,035
25 to 34 years	86,240	81,370	4,870	84,670	1,570	86,135	105
35 to 44 years	94,640	76,975	17,665	86,725	7,910	93,245	1,395
45 to 54 years	114,085	89,755	24,330	102,360	11,725	111,550	2,535
55 to 64 years	90,510	75,910	14,595	82,990	7,515	89,005	1,500
65 years and over	107,835	101,710	6,125	104,600	3,235	107,020	815
65 to 74 years	58,115	54,115	4,000	55,880	2,230	57,515	595
75 years and over	49,720	47,595	2,130	48,715	1,005	49,500	220
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	588,190	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,360
Married or living with a common-law partner	339,560	284,665	54,895	312,760	26,800	334,070	5,490
Married (and not separated)	296,065	245,715	50,350	271,370	24,700	290,965	5,105
Living common law	43,490	38,950	4,545	41,390	2,100	43,105	385
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	248,630	235,770	12,865	243,415	5,215	247,765	865
Single (never legally married)	160,685	155,945	4,745	159,020	1,665	160,460	225
Separated	18,870	16,405	2,465	17,800	1,075	18,675	195
Divorced	35,420	31,455	3,970	33,655	1,760	35,115	305
Widowed	33,655	31,975	1,685	32,945	710	33,515	140
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	588,190	520,430	67,760	556,175	32,015	581,840	6,355
Total persons in households with at least one census family	492,655	432,785	59,870	463,935	28,720	486,905	5,750
Married spouses, common-law partners	336,125	281,555	54,570	309,495	26,630	330,675	5,455
Lone parents	34,805	31,265	3,545	33,415	1,390	34,615	190
Children in families with two parents present	78,350	77,660	690	78,050	300	78,330	25
Children in families with one parent present	30,005	29,460	550	29,800	210	29,990	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	8,800	8,560	240	8,725	75	8,780	30
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	4,565	4,290	275	4,450	115	4,525	40
Total persons in non-census family households	95,535	87,645	7,890	92,240	3,295	94,930	610
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	4,205	4,010	195	4,150	55	4,185	15
Living with non-relatives only	15,830	15,055	770	15,490	335	15,770	65
Living alone	75,505	68,580	6,920	72,605	2,900	74,970	530
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	588,195	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,360
Economic family persons	492,300	432,510	59,785	463,635	28,665	486,575	5,725
Couple family	420,325	364,955	55,370	393,350	26,970	414,810	5,510
Couple only	138,315	122,720	15,595	130,625	7,695	136,895	1,420
Couple with children	276,160	236,865	39,295	257,125	19,035	272,115	4,045
Couple with other relatives only	5,845	5,370	480	5,600	245	5,805	45
Lone-parent family	61,240	57,320	3,920	59,670	1,575	61,040	200
Female-parent family	49,425	46,780	2,650	48,535	895	49,345	85
Female-parent family with no other relatives	46,910	44,340	2,565	46,030	880	46,820	85
Male-parent family	11,815	10,545	1,270	11,135	675	11,700	110
Male-parent family with no other relatives	11,110	9,885	1,225	10,445	665	11,000	110
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	10,740	10,235	505	10,615	120	10,715	20
Persons not in an economic family	95,895	87,925	7,970	92,540	3,355	95,265	630
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	588,195	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,015	581,835	6,360
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	8,655	8,180	470	8,425	225	8,615	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	6,350	6,090	260	6,240	110	6,315	35
Métis single identity	1,925	1,725	200	1,810	115	1,925	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	60	60	0	60	0	60	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	95	90	0	95	0	90	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	220	215	0	225	0	225	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	579,540	512,255	67,290	547,745	31,795	573,220	6,320
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	588,190	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,355
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	3,625	3,465	165	3,550	80	3,595	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	584,565	516,965	67,595	552,625	31,940	578,240	6,330
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	588,195	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,355
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	13,715	12,680	1,035	13,200	515	13,655	70
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	11,405	10,625	780	11,025	380	11,345	60
Métis ancestry	2,185	1,930	255	2,050	130	2,180	0
Inuit ancestry	245	225	0	240	0	240	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	574,475	507,755	66,720	542,970	31,505	568,185	6,290
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	588,195	520,430	67,760	556,175	32,015	581,835	6,360
First generation^{Footnote 26}	165,835	150,305	15,535	158,270	7,570	164,315	1,525
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	141,790	122,230	19,555	132,790	9,000	140,000	1,790
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	280,570	247,900	32,665	265,115	15,450	277,520	3,045
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	588,195	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,355
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	77,980	72,575	5,400	75,325	2,650	77,530	450
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	18,540	16,850	1,690	17,655	885	18,360	180
Chinese	9,560	8,705	855	9,155	400	9,460	95
Black	13,190	12,455	740	12,815	375	13,155	35
Filipino	6,945	6,455	490	6,775	175	6,930	0
Latin American	7,265	6,960	305	7,140	125	7,250	15
Arab	6,590	6,010	580	6,235	350	6,515	80
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	5,455	5,245	205	5,400	55	5,455	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	3,805	3,615	185	3,680	130	3,795	0
Korean	2,235	2,150	80	2,190	40	2,230	0
Japanese	1,060	965	100	1,020	45	1,060	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	1,235	1,155	80	1,210	25	1,230	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	2,105	2,010	95	2,050	50	2,095	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	510,215	447,855	62,355	480,845	29,365	504,305	5,910
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	588,190	520,435	67,755	556,175	32,015	581,835	6,355
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	423,525	371,135	52,390	398,975	24,545	418,665	4,855
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	160,085	145,020	15,065	152,775	7,310	158,655	1,435
Before 1981	75,795	67,710	8,080	71,890	3,900	74,970	820
1981 to 1990	23,235	20,615	2,620	21,910	1,325	22,970	270
1991 to 2000	30,705	28,340	2,365	29,590	1,110	30,530	175
2001 to 2009	26,685	24,770	1,915	25,750	930	26,515	170
2001 to 2005	15,325	14,040	1,285	14,740	585	15,235	90
2006 to 2009	11,360	10,725	630	11,010	350	11,275	80
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	588,195	520,430	67,760	556,175	32,015	581,840	6,355
English	437,755	384,595	53,160	412,440	25,320	432,760	5,000
French	9,575	8,390	1,180	8,985	595	9,510	70
Non-official language	133,935	121,255	12,680	128,095	5,840	132,675	1,255
Aboriginal	45	45	0	45	0	45	0
Non-Aboriginal	133,890	121,215	12,675	128,050	5,840	132,635	1,260
English and French	505	430	75	465	40	500	0
English and non-official language	6,090	5,465	625	5,870	225	6,070	20
French and non-official language	265	245	25	265	0	270	0
English, French and non-official language	50	50	0	50	0	50	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	588,190	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,355
English	568,485	502,340	66,145	537,250	31,235	562,225	6,255
French	9,295	8,075	1,220	8,700	595	9,225	75
English and French	2,360	2,100	260	2,230	125	2,335	20
Neither English nor French	8,050	7,920	130	7,995	55	8,050	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	588,190	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,360
No certificate, diploma or degree	113,530	111,205	2,330	112,545	985	113,290	245
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	159,225	150,850	8,375	155,435	3,790	158,625	605
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	315,430	258,380	57,055	288,195	27,240	309,920	5,515
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	196,050	172,180	23,870	186,215	9,835	194,705	1,345
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	46,975	42,405	4,565	45,300	1,670	46,765	205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	126,920	111,475	15,445	120,475	6,445	126,085	835
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	22,155	18,295	3,860	20,435	1,720	21,855	300
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	119,380	86,200	33,180	101,980	17,400	115,210	4,170
Bachelor's degree	73,630	55,445	18,180	64,655	8,975	71,730	1,900
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	45,755	30,755	14,995	37,325	8,430	43,485	2,265
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	588,190	520,435	67,760	556,175	32,020	581,835	6,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	272,760	262,055	10,705	267,980	4,780	271,915	845
Education	22,290	17,060	5,230	21,120	1,170	22,215	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,355	10,565	790	10,965	390	11,320	30
Humanities	18,080	15,390	2,690	16,925	1,160	17,805	275
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35,130	29,040	6,085	31,920	3,210	34,355	775
Business, management and public administration	65,550	53,260	12,290	58,335	7,215	63,815	1,730
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,155	9,260	2,895	10,605	1,545	11,845	310
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,045	9,540	2,505	10,820	1,220	11,905	145
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	66,350	52,765	13,585	60,045	6,310	65,475	880
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,850	4,235	615	4,630	220	4,815	35
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	50,465	41,790	8,675	46,335	4,135	49,265	1,205
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,110	15,430	1,675	16,440	670	17,055	50
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	45	40	0	50	0	45	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	588,190	520,430	67,760	556,175	32,015	581,835	6,355
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	187,680	183,600	4,080	186,060	1,620	187,430	245
All industries^{Footnote 54}	400,510	336,830	63,680	370,115	30,395	394,405	6,110
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,120	3,885	235	4,015	105	4,100	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	540	330	215	415	125	490	50
22 Utilities	2,490	1,460	1,030	1,940	545	2,435	55
23 Construction	25,185	21,715	3,475	23,645	1,540	24,880	310
31-33 Manufacturing	46,000	36,315	9,685	41,540	4,460	45,260	735
41 Wholesale trade	20,025	15,390	4,635	17,330	2,700	19,360	670
44-45 Retail trade	48,445	45,665	2,780	47,055	1,390	48,180	265
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	16,660	14,845	1,815	15,705	950	16,500	155
51 Information and cultural industries	8,685	7,105	1,575	7,860	820	8,550	135
52 Finance and insurance	19,345	14,225	5,120	16,245	3,100	18,530	815
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,830	6,750	1,080	7,190	640	7,665	165
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,895	19,505	6,390	21,920	3,975	24,975	915
55 Management of companies and enterprises	415	325	90	360	60	395	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,945	17,775	1,170	18,390	560	18,815	130
61 Educational services	36,255	27,545	8,715	33,675	2,580	35,990	270
62 Health care and social assistance	46,990	39,235	7,750	43,560	3,425	45,965	1,025
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,725	7,465	265	7,610	120	7,690	35
72 Accommodation and food services	25,840	25,280	570	25,565	280	25,795	45
81 Other services (except public administration)	18,245	16,805	1,445	17,545	705	18,130	115
91 Public administration	20,870	15,215	5,655	18,545	2,320	20,685	180
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	588,195	520,435	67,755	556,175	32,015	581,835	6,355
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	187,680	183,605	4,080	186,065	1,620	187,435	250
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	400,510	336,830	63,680	370,115	30,395	394,400	6,110
0 Management occupations	44,220	27,035	17,190	33,005	11,220	41,620	2,610
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	64,230	57,075	7,155	60,470	3,760	63,425	810
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,600	17,395	7,205	21,170	3,435	24,230	375
3 Health occupations	27,550	20,890	6,660	24,555	2,995	26,515	1,035
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50,545	38,395	12,155	46,565	3,980	49,990	555
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	11,455	10,880	575	11,270	180	11,430	30
6 Sales and service occupations	98,840	94,265	4,575	96,405	2,440	98,345	495
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	52,935	47,175	5,760	51,130	1,805	52,750	185
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,145	5,985	165	6,125	25	6,145	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,985	17,745	2,240	19,430	560	19,960	25

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Return to footnote 3 referrer

The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56