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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural, Education and Labour Characteristics (322), Sex (3) and Income Status in 2010 (6) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

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This table details selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics , sex and income status in 2010 for the population in private households in St. Catharines - Niagara
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 1 = 29.2 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics (322) Income status in 2010 (6)
Total - Income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measureFootnote 2 Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure Low-income population Prevalence of low income % Other population Concept not applicableFootnote 3
Total - Age groupsFootnote 4 383,965 383,970 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Under 15 years 59,075 59,075 11,295 19.1 47,780 0
15 to 24 years 50,240 50,235 8,085 16.1 42,155 0
25 to 54 years 149,785 149,785 20,570 13.7 129,210 0
25 to 34 years 41,200 41,200 5,940 14.4 35,260 0
35 to 44 years 47,050 47,050 6,590 14.0 40,460 0
45 to 54 years 61,535 61,535 8,045 13.1 53,490 0
55 to 64 years 55,145 55,150 7,565 13.7 47,580 0
65 years and over 69,730 69,730 4,640 6.7 65,090 0
65 to 74 years 37,750 37,750 2,400 6.4 35,345 0
75 years and over 31,975 31,980 2,240 7.0 29,735 0
Population in private households by marital statusFootnote 5 383,970 383,970 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Married or living with a common-law partner 188,090 188,090 14,685 7.8 173,405 0
Married (and not separated) 162,010 162,010 10,825 6.7 151,185 0
Living common law 26,075 26,075 3,855 14.8 22,220 0
Not married and not living with a common-law partner 195,880 195,880 37,475 19.1 158,405 0
Single (never legally married) 141,795 141,795 25,760 18.2 116,035 0
Separated 11,540 11,540 2,955 25.6 8,580 0
Divorced 20,945 20,945 5,570 26.6 15,375 0
Widowed 21,605 21,605 3,185 14.7 18,420 0
Persons in economic families by family structure and presence and age of childrenFootnote 6 327,755 327,750 37,440 11.4 290,315 0
Couple family 274,305 274,305 22,360 8.2 251,940 0
Couple only 88,575 88,575 5,825 6.6 82,750 0
Couple with children 182,390 182,390 16,400 9.0 165,985 0
With children under 18 years 131,690 131,685 14,100 10.7 117,590 0
Without children under 6 years 76,860 76,860 7,290 9.5 69,575 0
With children under 6 years 54,825 54,825 6,810 12.4 48,015 0
Couple with other relatives only 3,340 3,335 135 4.0 3,200 0
Lone-parent family 45,805 45,810 14,005 30.6 31,800 0
Female-parent family 37,415 37,415 12,330 33.0 25,085 0
Female-parent family with no other relatives 35,895 35,895 11,965 33.3 23,935 0
With children under 18 years 21,660 21,660 9,655 44.6 12,005 0
Without children under 6 years 14,775 14,775 5,435 36.8 9,340 0
With children under 6 years 6,885 6,890 4,220 61.2 2,665 0
Male-parent family 8,390 8,390 1,670 19.9 6,720 0
Male-parent family with no other relatives 7,865 7,865 1,645 20.9 6,215 0
With children under 18 years 3,950 3,950 970 24.6 2,985 0
Without children under 6 years 3,420 3,415 890 26.1 2,530 0
With children under 6 years 530 535 80 15.0 450 0
Other economic familyFootnote 7 7,645 7,645 1,075 14.1 6,570 0
Persons not in economic families aged 15 years and overFootnote 8 56,215 56,215 14,720 26.2 41,500 0
Less than 65 years 35,880 35,880 11,250 31.4 24,625 0
65 years and over 20,335 20,340 3,465 17.0 16,870 0
Total children in economic familiesFootnote 9 116,570 116,570 16,780 14.4 99,790 0
Under 6 years 21,730 21,730 4,400 20.2 17,330 0
6 to 14 years 36,695 36,700 6,705 18.3 29,990 0
15 to 17 years 14,730 14,725 2,040 13.9 12,685 0
18 to 24 years 26,465 26,470 2,385 9.0 24,085 0
25 years and over 16,950 16,950 1,245 7.3 15,700 0
Total - Household living arrangementsFootnote 10 383,965 383,970 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Total persons in households with at least one census family 327,920 327,920 37,375 11.4 290,545 0
Married spouses, common-law partners 186,325 186,330 14,205 7.6 172,125 0
Lone parents 19,885 19,890 5,565 28.0 14,325 0
Children in families with two parents present 84,455 84,455 7,965 9.4 76,490 0
Children in families with one parent present 29,490 29,490 8,650 29.3 20,835 0
Persons not in census families, living with relativesFootnote 11 5,000 5,005 630 12.6 4,370 0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only 2,760 2,755 360 13.1 2,395 0
Total persons in non-census family households 56,050 56,045 14,780 26.4 41,265 0
Living with relativesFootnote 12 2,590 2,595 430 16.6 2,165 0
Living with non-relatives only 9,020 9,020 2,150 23.8 6,870 0
Living alone 44,435 44,435 12,205 27.5 32,235 0
Total population in private households by citizenshipFootnote 13 383,965 383,965 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Canadian citizens 370,445 370,440 48,385 13.1 322,055 0
Canadian citizens aged under 18 72,390 72,395 12,580 17.4 59,815 0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 298,045 298,045 35,805 12.0 262,240 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 14 13,530 13,530 3,770 27.9 9,755 0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 15 383,970 383,965 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Non-immigrantsFootnote 16 317,130 317,130 42,550 13.4 274,580 0
ImmigrantsFootnote 17 64,385 64,390 8,330 12.9 56,060 0
Before 1971 28,860 28,860 2,145 7.4 26,710 0
1971 to 1980 9,830 9,825 1,110 11.3 8,725 0
1981 to 1990 6,645 6,645 885 13.3 5,760 0
1991 to 2000 8,610 8,610 1,315 15.3 7,295 0
2001 to 2011Footnote 18 10,450 10,450 2,880 27.6 7,570 0
2001 to 2005 4,800 4,800 1,060 22.1 3,735 0
2006 to 2011Footnote 19 5,650 5,645 1,820 32.2 3,830 0
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 20 2,450 2,455 1,275 51.9 1,170 0
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigrationFootnote 21 64,390 64,390 8,330 12.9 56,055 0
Under 5 years 8,610 8,615 1,235 14.3 7,375 0
5 to 14 years 13,405 13,405 1,910 14.2 11,495 0
15 to 24 years 16,745 16,745 1,785 10.7 14,965 0
25 to 44 years 22,330 22,325 2,890 12.9 19,435 0
45 years and over 3,300 3,300 515 15.6 2,790 0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birthFootnote 22 383,970 383,970 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Non-immigrantsFootnote 23 317,130 317,130 42,550 13.4 274,580 0
Born in province of residence 287,880 287,880 38,285 13.3 249,595 0
Born outside province of residence 29,250 29,250 4,265 14.6 24,985 0
ImmigrantsFootnote 24 64,390 64,390 8,330 12.9 56,060 0
Americas 12,750 12,750 2,175 17.1 10,580 0
United States 6,770 6,770 1,135 16.8 5,640 0
Jamaica 640 640 150 23.4 485 0
Guyana 130 130 25 19.2 105 0
Haiti 235 240 95 39.6 145 0
Mexico 645 645 65 10.1 585 0
Trinidad and Tobago 505 505 100 19.8 410 0
Colombia 950 950 245 25.8 710 0
El Salvador 385 385 75 19.5 305 0
Peru 140 135 15 11.1 120 0
Chile 100 105 0 0.0 100 0
Other places of birth in Americas 2,250 2,250 260 11.6 1,985 0
Europe 39,270 39,270 3,465 8.8 35,810 0
United KingdomFootnote 25 12,900 12,900 1,065 8.3 11,835 0
Italy 7,945 7,945 605 7.6 7,340 0
Germany 2,875 2,875 190 6.6 2,685 0
Poland 2,825 2,820 350 12.4 2,470 0
Portugal 450 450 45 10.0 410 0
Netherlands 3,320 3,320 170 5.1 3,150 0
France 210 210 25 11.9 190 0
Romania 550 550 45 8.2 505 0
Russian Federation 520 520 135 26.0 390 0
Greece 355 355 70 19.7 285 0
Ukraine 1,085 1,085 100 9.2 980 0
Croatia 940 940 105 11.2 835 0
Hungary 1,035 1,035 130 12.6 905 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 570 565 30 5.3 540 0
Serbia 585 585 90 15.4 500 0
Ireland, Republic of 475 475 20 4.2 455 0
Other places of birth in Europe 2,630 2,635 290 11.0 2,340 0
Africa 2,410 2,405 685 28.5 1,720 0
Morocco 35 30 0 0.0 30 0
Algeria 0 0 0 not applicable ... 0 0
Egypt 215 210 30 14.3 185 0
South Africa, Republic of 290 285 35 12.3 255 0
Nigeria 110 110 0 0.0 105 0
Ethiopia 60 60 0 0.0 60 0
Kenya 130 130 0 0.0 125 0
Other places of birth in Africa 1,575 1,575 610 38.7 965 0
Asia 9,685 9,685 1,940 20.0 7,750 0
India 1,005 1,005 60 6.0 950 0
ChinaFootnote 26 1,525 1,520 295 19.4 1,225 0
Philippines 1,955 1,955 235 12.0 1,720 0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 295 295 80 27.1 220 0
Viet NamFootnote 27 610 610 80 13.1 530 0
Pakistan 445 445 110 24.7 335 0
Sri Lanka 165 165 20 12.1 145 0
IranFootnote 28 205 205 55 26.8 150 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 29 700 700 320 45.7 380 0
Lebanon 215 220 50 22.7 170 0
Taiwan 115 115 30 26.1 85 0
Iraq 165 170 60 35.3 110 0
Bangladesh 135 140 0 0.0 125 0
Afghanistan 190 190 95 50.0 95 0
Japan 310 310 30 9.7 280 0
Turkey 230 235 25 10.6 205 0
Other places of birth in Asia 1,410 1,410 380 27.0 1,030 0
Oceania and otherFootnote 30 270 275 70 25.5 200 0
Fiji 0 0 0 not applicable ... 0 0
Other places of birthFootnote 31 265 265 70 26.4 195 0
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 32 2,450 2,450 1,275 52.0 1,175 0
Total population in private households by generation statusFootnote 33 383,970 383,965 52,160 13.6 331,815 0
First generationFootnote 34 67,585 67,585 9,760 14.4 57,825 0
Second generationFootnote 35 86,775 86,775 10,205 11.8 76,570 0
Third generation or moreFootnote 36 229,610 229,610 32,190 14.0 197,415 0
Total population in private households by visible minorityFootnote 37 383,970 383,965 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Total visible minority populationFootnote 38 27,010 27,010 7,045 26.1 19,965 0
South AsianFootnote 39 3,205 3,205 485 15.1 2,720 0
Chinese 3,935 3,940 1,050 26.6 2,890 0
Black 6,335 6,340 2,170 34.2 4,170 0
Filipino 2,920 2,920 290 9.9 2,630 0
Latin American 3,785 3,785 930 24.6 2,855 0
Arab 1,580 1,580 635 40.2 940 0
Southeast AsianFootnote 40 1,520 1,520 285 18.8 1,230 0
West AsianFootnote 41 615 615 250 40.7 360 0
Korean 925 930 380 40.9 550 0
Japanese 720 720 95 13.2 625 0
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 42 555 550 235 42.7 315 0
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 43 915 915 230 25.1 685 0
Not a visible minorityFootnote 44 356,960 356,960 45,115 12.6 311,850 0
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity 383,970 383,965 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Aboriginal identityFootnote 45 8,850 8,850 2,050 23.2 6,805 0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 46 5,465 5,465 1,470 26.9 3,995 0
Métis single identity 2,815 2,815 500 17.8 2,320 0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 190 190 0 0.0 180 0
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 47 70 75 0 0.0 60 0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 48 310 305 60 19.7 250 0
Non-Aboriginal identity 375,120 375,120 50,105 13.4 325,010 0
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian statusFootnote 49 383,970 383,970 52,160 13.6 331,810 0
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 50 3,020 3,020 750 24.8 2,270 0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 380,950 380,955 51,410 13.5 329,545 0
Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 51 383,970 383,970 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 52 14,720 14,720 3,115 21.2 11,605 0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestryFootnote 53 11,380 11,385 2,730 24.0 8,655 0
Métis ancestry 3,445 3,445 420 12.2 3,025 0
Inuit ancestry 165 165 35 21.2 135 0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyFootnote 54 369,250 369,250 49,045 13.3 320,205 0
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 55 383,965 383,970 52,155 13.6 331,810 0
English 316,945 316,940 42,190 13.3 274,755 0
French 12,055 12,055 1,825 15.1 10,230 0
Non-official language 51,615 51,615 7,595 14.7 44,020 0
Aboriginal 25 25 0 0.0 30 0
Non-Aboriginal 51,590 51,590 7,595 14.7 43,995 0
English and French 460 460 80 17.4 380 0
English and non-official language 2,655 2,655 430 16.2 2,230 0
French and non-official language 235 235 40 17.0 195 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 not applicable ... 0 0
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 56 383,965 383,965 52,160 13.6 331,815 0
English 369,560 369,560 49,975 13.5 319,585 0
French 11,510 11,510 1,645 14.3 9,860 0
English and French 860 860 150 17.4 710 0
Neither English nor French 2,040 2,040 385 18.9 1,655 0
Total - Mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 57 380,495 380,500 51,385 13.5 329,115 0
Non-movers 339,715 339,715 41,075 12.1 298,645 0
Movers 40,780 40,780 10,305 25.3 30,475 0
Non-migrants 23,215 23,215 6,505 28.0 16,710 0
Migrants 17,565 17,565 3,800 21.6 13,765 0
Internal migrants 16,230 16,230 3,400 20.9 12,835 0
Intraprovincial migrants 14,780 14,780 3,210 21.7 11,565 0
Interprovincial migrants 1,455 1,455 185 12.7 1,270 0
External migrants 1,335 1,330 405 30.5 930 0
Total - Mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 58 365,815 365,815 48,540 13.3 317,270 0
Non-movers 242,670 242,670 23,270 9.6 219,400 0
Movers 123,145 123,140 25,270 20.5 97,870 0
Non-migrants 68,150 68,145 13,950 20.5 54,195 0
Migrants 54,995 54,995 11,320 20.6 43,680 0
Internal migrants 48,645 48,645 8,910 18.3 39,740 0
Intraprovincial migrants 44,865 44,865 7,980 17.8 36,880 0
Interprovincial migrants 3,785 3,785 925 24.4 2,860 0
External migrants 6,350 6,350 2,405 37.9 3,940 0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 59 324,895 324,890 40,860 12.6 284,035 0
No certificate, diploma or degree 67,340 67,340 11,430 17.0 55,910 0
High school diploma or equivalentFootnote 60 98,540 98,540 13,200 13.4 85,345 0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 61 159,010 159,010 16,230 10.2 142,780 0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaFootnote 62 30,715 30,710 3,865 12.6 26,845 0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 71,250 71,250 7,540 10.6 63,715 0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 63 9,695 9,695 1,170 12.1 8,525 0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 47,350 47,350 3,650 7.7 43,695 0
Bachelor's degree 28,935 28,935 2,275 7.9 26,660 0
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelFootnote 64 18,415 18,415 1,375 7.5 17,040 0
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 65 204,930 204,930 28,135 13.7 176,795 0
No certificate, diploma or degree 23,880 23,880 5,980 25.0 17,895 0
High school diploma or equivalentFootnote 66 61,215 61,210 8,820 14.4 52,395 0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 67 119,840 119,840 13,340 11.1 106,500 0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaFootnote 68 20,675 20,675 3,270 15.8 17,410 0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 55,860 55,860 6,195 11.1 49,660 0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 69 6,555 6,555 1,015 15.5 5,540 0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 36,755 36,750 2,860 7.8 33,890 0
Bachelor's degree 22,615 22,615 1,785 7.9 20,825 0
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelFootnote 70 14,135 14,135 1,070 7.6 13,065 0
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011Footnote 71 324,895 324,895 40,860 12.6 284,035 0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 72 165,885 165,885 24,635 14.9 141,255 0
Education 13,270 13,270 755 5.7 12,510 0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 5,565 5,565 870 15.6 4,690 0
Humanities 8,410 8,410 825 9.8 7,580 0
Social and behavioural sciences and law 15,215 15,215 1,590 10.5 13,620 0
Business, management and public administration 30,475 30,475 3,135 10.3 27,345 0
Physical and life sciences and technologies 4,150 4,155 370 8.9 3,780 0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 4,545 4,545 605 13.3 3,940 0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 34,665 34,665 3,140 9.1 31,530 0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 3,535 3,530 360 10.2 3,170 0
Health and related fieldsFootnote 73 26,370 26,370 2,810 10.7 23,555 0
Personal, protective and transportation services 12,800 12,800 1,750 13.7 11,050 0
Other fields of studyFootnote 74 0 0 0 not applicable ... 0 0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residenceFootnote 75 324,895 324,895 40,860 12.6 284,035 0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 165,885 165,885 24,630 14.8 141,250 0
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 159,010 159,010 16,230 10.2 142,780 0
Location of study inside Canada 137,100 137,100 13,555 9.9 123,540 0
Same as province or territory of residence 130,160 130,155 12,815 9.8 117,350 0
Another province or territory 6,940 6,940 745 10.7 6,195 0
Location of study outside Canada 21,910 21,910 2,670 12.2 19,240 0
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force statusFootnote 76 324,895 324,890 40,860 12.6 284,030 0
In the labour force 199,965 199,965 19,455 9.7 180,505 0
Employed 182,405 182,405 15,605 8.6 166,800 0
Unemployed 17,555 17,555 3,850 21.9 13,705 0
Not in the labour force 124,930 124,930 21,405 17.1 103,525 0
Participation rate 61.5 61.5 47.6 not applicable ... 63.6 0.0
Employment rate 56.1 56.1 38.2 not applicable ... 58.7 0.0
Unemployment rate 8.8 8.8 19.8 not applicable ... 7.6 0.0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 77 324,895 324,890 40,860 12.6 284,030 0
Class of worker - not applicableFootnote 78 113,545 113,540 21,045 18.5 92,495 0
All classes of workerFootnote 79 211,350 211,350 19,815 9.4 191,535 0
Employee 191,805 191,810 16,500 8.6 175,300 0
Self-employedFootnote 80 19,545 19,545 3,310 16.9 16,230 0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011Footnote 81 324,895 324,895 40,860 12.6 284,030 0
Occupation - not applicableFootnote 82 113,545 113,545 21,045 18.5 92,495 0
All occupationsFootnote 83 211,350 211,350 19,815 9.4 191,540 0
0 Management occupations 20,145 20,145 1,515 7.5 18,625 0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 29,740 29,745 1,915 6.4 27,830 0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 9,750 9,750 650 6.7 9,100 0
3 Health occupations 12,380 12,380 805 6.5 11,575 0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 21,655 21,655 1,325 6.1 20,330 0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 5,995 5,990 790 13.2 5,205 0
6 Sales and service occupations 65,885 65,890 8,585 13.0 57,300 0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 30,875 30,880 2,890 9.4 27,985 0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 5,435 5,435 650 12.0 4,790 0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 9,495 9,500 700 7.4 8,795 0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007Footnote 84 324,895 324,895 40,860 12.6 284,035 0
Industry - not applicableFootnote 85 113,545 113,545 21,045 18.5 92,500 0
All industriesFootnote 86 211,350 211,355 19,815 9.4 191,535 0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 5,125 5,130 590 11.5 4,540 0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 410 410 0 0.0 410 0
22 Utilities 1,745 1,750 55 3.1 1,690 0
23 Construction 13,885 13,885 1,525 11.0 12,365 0
31-33 Manufacturing 20,625 20,625 1,360 6.6 19,265 0
41 Wholesale trade 7,690 7,690 535 7.0 7,160 0
44-45 Retail trade 27,015 27,015 3,115 11.5 23,900 0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 8,560 8,555 585 6.8 7,975 0
51 Information and cultural industries 2,985 2,985 215 7.2 2,765 0
52 Finance and insurance 6,495 6,495 290 4.5 6,200 0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 3,750 3,750 340 9.1 3,410 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 9,190 9,190 570 6.2 8,615 0
55 Management of companies and enterprises 250 250 0 0.0 240 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 10,710 10,710 1,700 15.9 9,015 0
61 Educational services 15,325 15,320 850 5.5 14,475 0
62 Health care and social assistance 21,405 21,405 1,590 7.4 19,820 0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 10,810 10,810 1,160 10.7 9,655 0
72 Accommodation and food services 23,815 23,810 3,735 15.7 20,075 0
81 Other services (except public administration) 9,790 9,795 1,165 11.9 8,630 0
91 Public administration 11,755 11,755 420 3.6 11,335 0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010Footnote 87 324,890 324,890 40,860 12.6 284,035 0
Did not work in 2010Footnote 88 119,860 119,855 22,700 18.9 97,155 0
Worked in 2010 205,040 205,035 18,160 8.9 186,875 0
1 to 13 weeks 15,130 15,130 2,895 19.1 12,240 0
14 to 26 weeks 19,210 19,210 2,510 13.1 16,705 0
27 to 39 weeks 14,680 14,680 2,050 14.0 12,625 0
40 to 48 weeks 27,365 27,365 2,490 9.1 24,880 0
49 to 52 weeks 128,655 128,655 8,220 6.4 120,430 0
Average weeks worked in 2010 43.2 43.2 37.0 not applicable ... 43.8 0.0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010Footnote 89 324,890 324,895 40,860 12.6 284,030 0
Did not work in 2010Footnote 90 119,855 119,855 22,700 18.9 97,155 0
Worked in 2010 205,040 205,035 18,160 8.9 186,875 0
Worked full-time in 2010 152,020 152,020 10,995 7.2 141,025 0
Worked part-time in 2010 53,015 53,020 7,170 13.5 45,850 0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

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not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

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too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 5

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 6

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 7

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 8

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship. A couple may be of opposite or same sex.

Persons in the economic family other than the economic family reference person are classified as the married spouse or the common-law partner of the reference person, children of the reference person (including grandchildren), or other economic family members (including foster children). Children of the reference person may be of any age or marital status.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 15

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 20

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 21

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 22

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 23

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 24

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 25

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 26

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 27

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 28

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 29

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 30

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 31

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 32

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 33

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 34

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 35

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 36

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 37

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 38

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 39

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 40

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 41

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 42

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 43

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 44

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 45

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 46

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.


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Footnote 47

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 50

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian. 'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 51

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 52

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'

Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 53

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 54

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 56

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 57

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 58

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 59

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 60

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 61

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 62

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 63

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 64

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 65

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 66

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 67

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 68

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 69

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 70

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 71

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 72

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 73

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 74

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 75

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 76

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 77

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 78

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 79

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 80

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 81

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 82

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 83

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 84

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 85

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 86

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 87

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

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Footnote 89

Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011043.

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