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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural, Education and Labour Characteristics (322), Sex (3) and Income Status in 2010 (6) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics , sex and income status in 2010 for the population in private households in Cowansville
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 21.2 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics (322)	Income status in 2010 (6)
	Total - Income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 2	Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	Low-income population	Prevalence of low income %	Other population	Concept not applicable^Footnote 3
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 4}	11,960	11,965	2,195	18.3	9,765	0
Under 15 years	1,895	1,890	365	19.3	1,525	0
15 to 24 years	1,480	1,480	360	24.3	1,120	0
25 to 54 years	4,635	4,635	755	16.3	3,880	0
25 to 34 years	1,315	1,310	210	16.0	1,100	0
35 to 44 years	1,340	1,340	225	16.8	1,115	0
45 to 54 years	1,980	1,980	320	16.2	1,655	0
55 to 64 years	1,825	1,825	250	13.7	1,575	0
65 years and over	2,135	2,130	465	21.8	1,670	0
65 to 74 years	1,290	1,290	210	16.3	1,075	0
75 years and over	845	845	250	29.6	590	0
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 5}	11,960	11,960	2,200	18.4	9,770	0
Married or living with a common-law partner	5,740	5,745	490	8.5	5,250	0
Married (and not separated)	3,515	3,515	310	8.8	3,210	0
Living common law	2,230	2,225	185	8.3	2,040	0
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	6,225	6,225	1,705	27.4	4,520	0
Single (never legally married)	4,560	4,555	1,115	24.5	3,445	0
Separated	160	160	75	46.9	85	0
Divorced	930	930	280	30.1	645	0
Widowed	580	575	235	40.9	340	0
Persons in economic families by family structure and presence and age of children^{Footnote 6}	9,690	9,695	1,325	13.7	8,370	0
Couple family	8,070	8,075	685	8.5	7,385	0
Couple only	3,135	3,140	240	7.6	2,900	0
Couple with children	4,800	4,795	440	9.2	4,355	0
With children under 18 years	3,755	3,755	435	11.6	3,320	0
Without children under 6 years	2,025	2,030	165	8.1	1,865	0
With children under 6 years	1,730	1,725	275	15.9	1,450	0
Couple with other relatives only	135	140	0	0.0	140	0
Lone-parent family	1,555	1,555	615	39.5	940	0
Female-parent family	1,280	1,280	535	41.8	745	0
Female-parent family with no other relatives	1,280	1,280	535	41.8	745	0
With children under 18 years	930	930	480	51.6	450	0
Without children under 6 years	745	740	320	43.2	420	0
With children under 6 years	190	190	160	84.2	25	0
Male-parent family	275	275	80	29.1	200	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	275	275	80	29.1	200	0
With children under 18 years	165	165	60	36.4	105	0
Without children under 6 years	145	145	55	37.9	85	0
With children under 6 years	25	30	0	0.0	20	0
Other economic family^{Footnote 7}	65	65	30	46.2	40	0
Persons not in economic families aged 15 years and over^{Footnote 8}	2,270	2,270	870	38.3	1,395	0
Less than 65 years	1,600	1,600	535	33.4	1,065	0
65 years and over	670	670	335	50.0	335	0
Total children in economic families^{Footnote 9}	3,230	3,225	610	18.9	2,615	0
Under 6 years	730	730	185	25.3	540	0
6 to 14 years	1,160	1,160	180	15.5	980	0
15 to 17 years	500	505	170	33.7	330	0
18 to 24 years	565	565	60	10.6	510	0
25 years and over	275	275	20	7.3	255	0
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	11,965	11,965	2,200	18.4	9,770	0
Total persons in households with at least one census family	9,730	9,730	1,330	13.7	8,400	0
Married spouses, common-law partners	5,700	5,700	460	8.1	5,235	0
Lone parents	670	670	230	34.3	435	0
Children in families with two parents present	2,240	2,245	225	10.0	2,020	0
Children in families with one parent present	950	950	385	40.5	565	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	110	110	0	0.0	105	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	65	65	25	38.5	40	0
Total persons in non-census family households	2,230	2,230	865	38.8	1,370	0
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	30	30	0	0.0	0	0
Living with non-relatives only	320	320	50	15.6	265	0
Living alone	1,885	1,885	790	41.9	1,095	0
Total population in private households by citizenship^{Footnote 13}	11,965	11,965	2,200	18.4	9,765	0
Canadian citizens	11,895	11,890	2,170	18.3	9,720	0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,390	2,390	535	22.4	1,860	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,495	9,500	1,635	17.2	7,860	0
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 14}	70	75	30	40.0	50	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 15}	11,965	11,965	2,195	18.3	9,765	0
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 16}	11,645	11,650	2,135	18.3	9,520	0
Immigrants^{Footnote 17}	310	315	60	19.0	250	0
Before 1971	90	90	0	0.0	70	0
1971 to 1980	70	70	10	14.3	60	0
1981 to 1990	30	30	0	0.0	30	0
1991 to 2000	60	60	0	0.0	55	0
2001 to 2011^{Footnote 18}	60	60	25	41.7	40	0
2001 to 2005	15	15	0	0.0	0	0
2006 to 2011^{Footnote 19}	45	45	0	0.0	30	0
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 20}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^{Footnote 21}	310	310	60	19.4	250	0
Under 5 years	45	50	0	0.0	45	0
5 to 14 years	35	35	0	0.0	30	0
15 to 24 years	65	65	0	0.0	55	0
25 to 44 years	140	140	25	17.9	115	0
45 years and over	20	20	0	0.0	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^{Footnote 22}	11,960	11,965	2,195	18.3	9,765	0
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 23}	11,650	11,650	2,130	18.3	9,515	0
Born in province of residence	11,375	11,370	2,050	18.0	9,325	0
Born outside province of residence	280	275	80	29.1	195	0
Immigrants^{Footnote 24}	315	310	65	21.0	245	0
Americas	75	70	20	28.6	45	0
United States	60	55	15	27.3	40	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Chile	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Europe	185	190	20	10.5	165	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 25}	30	30	0	0.0	30	0
Italy	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
France	60	55	0	0.0	40	0
Romania	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Serbia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	40	0	0.0	40	0
Africa	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Asia	40	40	20	50.0	25	0
India	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
China^{Footnote 26}	10	10	0	0.0	10	0
Philippines	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Viet Nam^{Footnote 27}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 28}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 29}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 30}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 31}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 32}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total population in private households by generation status^{Footnote 33}	11,965	11,960	2,195	18.4	9,765	0
First generation^{Footnote 34}	325	325	65	20.0	255	0
Second generation^{Footnote 35}	550	550	95	17.3	450	0
Third generation or more^{Footnote 36}	11,090	11,090	2,035	18.3	9,060	0
Total population in private households by visible minority^{Footnote 37}	11,965	11,965	2,200	18.4	9,765	0
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 38}	105	100	35	35.0	70	0
South Asian^{Footnote 39}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Chinese	40	40	0	0.0	25	0
Black	15	10	0	0.0	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Latin American	15	15	0	0.0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 40}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
West Asian^{Footnote 41}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 42}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 43}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 44}	11,860	11,865	2,165	18.2	9,695	0
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	11,965	11,965	2,195	18.3	9,770	0
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 45}	60	60	0	0.0	50	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 46}	20	20	10	50.0	15	0
Métis single identity	35	30	0	0.0	35	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 47}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 48}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	11,900	11,905	2,190	18.4	9,715	0
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 49}	11,965	11,965	2,200	18.4	9,770	0
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 50}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	11,960	11,960	2,195	18.4	9,765	0
Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 51}	11,965	11,965	2,195	18.3	9,770	0
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 52}	670	675	195	28.9	480	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 53}	655	660	190	28.8	470	0
Métis ancestry	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Inuit ancestry	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 54}	11,295	11,295	2,005	17.8	9,285	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 55}	11,965	11,965	2,195	18.3	9,765	0
English	1,945	1,945	595	30.6	1,350	0
French	9,785	9,785	1,560	15.9	8,220	0
Non-official language	170	170	35	20.6	135	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	170	170	35	20.6	130	0
English and French	50	50	0	0.0	40	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 56}	11,965	11,965	2,200	18.4	9,765	0
English	2,020	2,020	610	30.2	1,415	0
French	9,890	9,890	1,575	15.9	8,320	0
English and French	40	40	0	0.0	35	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^{Footnote 57}	11,895	11,895	2,180	18.3	9,715	0
Non-movers	10,570	10,570	1,665	15.8	8,900	0
Movers	1,330	1,330	515	38.7	815	0
Non-migrants	690	690	265	38.4	425	0
Migrants	640	640	250	39.1	385	0
Internal migrants	635	635	250	39.4	380	0
Intraprovincial migrants	605	605	235	38.8	370	0
Interprovincial migrants	30	30	20	66.7	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^{Footnote 58}	11,360	11,355	2,060	18.1	9,300	0
Non-movers	6,670	6,665	835	12.5	5,830	0
Movers	4,690	4,690	1,225	26.1	3,470	0
Non-migrants	2,870	2,865	745	26.0	2,120	0
Migrants	1,825	1,825	475	26.0	1,350	0
Internal migrants	1,795	1,795	470	26.2	1,325	0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,740	1,745	450	25.8	1,290	0
Interprovincial migrants	50	50	15	30.0	35	0
External migrants	30	30	0	0.0	20	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 59}	10,070	10,070	1,830	18.2	8,240	0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,900	2,900	800	27.6	2,105	0
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 60}	3,095	3,095	555	17.9	2,535	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 61}	4,075	4,075	475	11.7	3,605	0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 62}	1,340	1,335	180	13.5	1,155	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,460	1,460	155	10.6	1,305	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 63}	375	375	45	12.0	330	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	905	905	90	9.9	810	0
Bachelor's degree	615	615	70	11.4	545	0
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 64}	290	290	20	6.9	265	0
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 65}	6,460	6,460	1,005	15.6	5,450	0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,270	1,270	315	24.8	955	0
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 66}	1,990	1,990	345	17.3	1,645	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 67}	3,200	3,200	345	10.8	2,855	0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 68}	1,100	1,100	140	12.7	965	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,125	1,125	130	11.6	995	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 69}	280	285	45	15.8	240	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	685	685	30	4.4	655	0
Bachelor's degree	455	455	10	2.2	440	0
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 70}	230	230	20	8.7	210	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 71}	10,070	10,070	1,830	18.2	8,240	0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 72}	5,995	5,995	1,360	22.7	4,635	0
Education	365	365	25	6.8	340	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	120	0	0.0	110	0
Humanities	255	255	40	15.7	215	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	280	280	30	10.7	250	0
Business, management and public administration	860	865	60	6.9	805	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	140	45	32.1	90	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	135	0	0.0	115	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	830	835	120	14.4	715	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	90	95	0	0.0	90	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 73}	595	590	90	15.3	505	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	405	400	35	8.8	365	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 74}	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^{Footnote 75}	10,075	10,070	1,835	18.2	8,245	0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,995	5,995	1,360	22.7	4,635	0
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,075	4,075	475	11.7	3,605	0
Location of study inside Canada	3,925	3,920	435	11.1	3,490	0
Same as province or territory of residence	3,845	3,845	430	11.2	3,415	0
Another province or territory	75	75	0	0.0	80	0
Location of study outside Canada	155	155	40	25.8	120	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^{Footnote 76}	10,070	10,070	1,830	18.2	8,245	0
In the labour force	6,240	6,240	785	12.6	5,455	0
Employed	5,825	5,830	635	10.9	5,190	0
Unemployed	410	410	145	35.4	265	0
Not in the labour force	3,830	3,830	1,045	27.3	2,785	0
Participation rate	62.0	62.0	42.9	not applicable ...	66.2	0.0
Employment rate	57.8	57.9	34.7	not applicable ...	62.9	0.0
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.6	18.5	not applicable ...	4.9	0.0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by class of worker^{Footnote 77}	10,070	10,075	1,830	18.2	8,245	0
Class of worker - not applicable^{Footnote 78}	3,400	3,400	995	29.3	2,405	0
All classes of worker^{Footnote 79}	6,670	6,670	840	12.6	5,835	0
Employee	6,110	6,110	725	11.9	5,395	0
Self-employed^{Footnote 80}	560	555	115	20.7	445	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 81}	10,075	10,070	1,830	18.2	8,240	0
Occupation - not applicable^{Footnote 82}	3,405	3,400	995	29.3	2,405	0
All occupations^{Footnote 83}	6,675	6,670	835	12.5	5,840	0
0 Management occupations	495	495	15	3.0	480	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	835	835	50	6.0	785	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	325	320	20	6.3	305	0
3 Health occupations	480	475	25	5.3	455	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	625	620	85	13.7	535	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	130	130	0	0.0	100	0
6 Sales and service occupations	1,850	1,850	360	19.5	1,485	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	905	905	125	13.8	775	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	150	145	15	10.3	130	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	890	890	105	11.8	780	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 84}	10,075	10,075	1,835	18.2	8,245	0
Industry - not applicable^{Footnote 85}	3,400	3,400	995	29.3	2,405	0
All industries^{Footnote 86}	6,675	6,670	835	12.5	5,835	0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170	175	0	0.0	160	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	20	0	0.0	20	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
23 Construction	295	300	45	15.0	250	0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,300	1,300	85	6.5	1,210	0
41 Wholesale trade	285	285	40	14.0	245	0
44-45 Retail trade	1,185	1,180	215	18.2	970	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	275	275	35	12.7	240	0
51 Information and cultural industries	75	75	0	0.0	75	0
52 Finance and insurance	140	145	0	0.0	125	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60	55	0	0.0	55	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	275	270	30	11.1	240	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	315	315	75	23.8	245	0
61 Educational services	325	325	20	6.2	305	0
62 Health care and social assistance	775	770	100	13.0	675	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	150	150	40	26.7	115	0
72 Accommodation and food services	490	490	75	15.3	415	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	210	210	30	14.3	185	0
91 Public administration	315	320	20	6.3	300	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010^{Footnote 87}	10,075	10,075	1,830	18.2	8,240	0
Did not work in 2010^{Footnote 88}	3,640	3,640	1,110	30.5	2,530	0
Worked in 2010	6,430	6,435	725	11.3	5,705	0
1 to 13 weeks	495	500	105	21.0	395	0
14 to 26 weeks	475	480	125	26.0	350	0
27 to 39 weeks	445	445	80	18.0	365	0
40 to 48 weeks	1,120	1,120	145	12.9	975	0
49 to 52 weeks	3,890	3,890	270	6.9	3,625	0
Average weeks worked in 2010	43.3	43.3	35.6	not applicable ...	44.3	0.0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010^{Footnote 89}	10,075	10,070	1,835	18.2	8,240	0
Did not work in 2010^{Footnote 90}	3,640	3,640	1,105	30.4	2,535	0
Worked in 2010	6,430	6,435	725	11.3	5,705	0
Worked full-time in 2010	5,080	5,085	455	8.9	4,625	0
Worked part-time in 2010	1,350	1,350	275	20.4	1,080	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 2

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

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Footnote 3

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

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Footnote 4

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 5

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 6

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 7

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 8

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship. A couple may be of opposite or same sex.

Persons in the economic family other than the economic family reference person are classified as the married spouse or the common-law partner of the reference person, children of the reference person (including grandchildren), or other economic family members (including foster children). Children of the reference person may be of any age or marital status.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 15

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 20

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 21

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 22

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 23

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 24

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Footnote 25

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 26

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 27

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 28

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 29

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 30

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 31

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 32

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 33

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 34

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 35

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 36

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 37

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 38

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 39

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 40

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 41

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 42

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 43

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 44

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 45

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 46

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 47

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 49

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Footnote 50

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian. 'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 51

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 52

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'

Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 53

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Footnote 54

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 56

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 57

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 58

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 59

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 60

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 61

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 62

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 63

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 64

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 65

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Footnote 66

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 67

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Footnote 68

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Footnote 69

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Footnote 70

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Footnote 71

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 72

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 73

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 74

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 75

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 76

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 77

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 78

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 79

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 80

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 81

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 82

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 83

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Footnote 84

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 85

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 86

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Footnote 87

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

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Footnote 89

Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011043.

Date modified:: 2019-01-23

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