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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Ottawa - Gatineau
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 22.3 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,645	994,045	10,960
Male	485,970	384,920	101,045	431,305	54,665	477,360	8,605
Female	519,040	462,240	56,800	497,060	21,985	516,680	2,360
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,640	994,045	10,960
15 to 24 years	170,420	170,185	235	170,315	110	170,405	15
25 to 54 years	541,025	428,045	112,985	488,755	52,275	534,400	6,630
25 to 34 years	165,735	153,030	12,700	162,575	3,165	165,510	225
35 to 44 years	173,975	129,890	44,085	154,865	19,110	171,805	2,170
45 to 54 years	201,320	145,125	56,195	171,320	30,000	197,080	4,240
55 to 64 years	151,020	119,750	31,275	133,485	17,545	147,995	3,030
65 years and over	142,535	129,180	13,350	135,810	6,720	141,245	1,290
65 to 74 years	84,795	76,090	8,710	80,050	4,745	83,755	1,045
75 years and over	57,735	53,090	4,640	55,760	1,975	57,485	245
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,640	994,050	10,960
Married or living with a common-law partner	577,720	453,705	124,010	515,415	62,300	568,370	9,350
Married (and not separated)	459,360	353,050	106,310	404,855	54,510	451,015	8,350
Living common law	118,350	100,660	17,695	110,560	7,795	117,350	1,000
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	427,290	393,450	33,835	412,945	14,340	425,675	1,610
Single (never legally married)	298,970	283,380	15,585	293,020	5,945	298,415	550
Separated	25,515	20,885	4,630	23,315	2,200	25,220	295
Divorced	61,460	51,665	9,800	57,140	4,325	60,905	560
Widowed	41,340	37,520	3,820	39,470	1,870	41,140	205
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	1,005,010	847,160	157,845	928,365	76,645	994,045	10,960
Total persons in households with at least one census family	809,550	675,090	134,460	742,750	66,800	799,745	9,800
Married spouses, common-law partners	569,715	446,705	123,005	507,945	61,770	560,480	9,235
Lone parents	55,880	47,075	8,805	51,870	4,010	55,445	435
Children in families with two parents present	112,715	111,920	800	112,430	290	112,695	25
Children in families with one parent present	48,800	47,975	820	48,490	305	48,750	45
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	13,255	12,665	585	12,995	260	13,215	40
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	9,185	8,750	435	9,015	165	9,165	0
Total persons in non-census family households	195,460	172,075	23,390	185,615	9,845	194,295	1,165
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	9,995	9,500	495	9,840	155	9,980	0
Living with non-relatives only	44,795	42,895	1,900	44,130	670	44,710	85
Living alone	140,665	119,670	20,990	131,645	9,020	139,605	1,060
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,365	76,645	994,045	10,965
Economic family persons	810,360	675,840	134,515	743,570	66,790	800,565	9,795
Couple family	691,530	567,470	124,065	629,355	62,180	682,260	9,270
Couple only	245,490	205,140	40,355	225,710	19,775	242,305	3,190
Couple with children	436,740	353,860	82,880	394,620	42,120	430,705	6,035
Couple with other relatives only	9,305	8,470	830	9,025	275	9,255	50
Lone-parent family	100,360	91,030	9,335	96,220	4,140	99,890	470
Female-parent family	78,375	72,475	5,895	76,135	2,240	78,195	175
Female-parent family with no other relatives	74,440	68,720	5,720	72,270	2,170	74,265	175
Male-parent family	21,990	18,550	3,435	20,090	1,905	21,695	295
Male-parent family with no other relatives	20,910	17,545	3,360	19,020	1,885	20,615	290
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	18,465	17,345	1,120	17,995	465	18,415	50
Persons not in an economic family	194,650	171,320	23,330	184,795	9,855	193,480	1,170
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,645	994,045	10,960
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	24,455	21,890	2,570	23,390	1,070	24,395	65
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	12,910	11,670	1,250	12,380	530	12,895	20
Métis single identity	9,875	8,715	1,155	9,420	455	9,850	25
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	615	545	70	575	40	605	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	230	220	0	230	0	230	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	820	740	85	775	45	815	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	980,550	825,270	155,275	904,975	75,575	969,650	10,895
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	1,005,005	847,165	157,850	928,360	76,640	994,050	10,960
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	6,540	5,780	760	6,195	345	6,520	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	998,465	841,380	157,085	922,165	76,300	987,525	10,945
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,645	994,050	10,960
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	48,175	42,535	5,640	45,700	2,475	47,955	225
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	37,330	33,075	4,255	35,505	1,830	37,165	165
Métis ancestry	10,875	9,450	1,420	10,255	615	10,840	30
Inuit ancestry	1,025	885	140	940	80	1,000	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	956,830	804,625	152,200	882,665	74,170	946,095	10,735
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	1,005,010	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,640	994,045	10,960
First generation^{Footnote 26}	236,980	203,850	33,130	220,355	16,625	234,500	2,480
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	139,080	113,525	25,555	126,080	13,000	137,230	1,850
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	628,945	529,785	99,155	581,930	47,015	622,310	6,635
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	1,005,005	847,165	157,845	928,360	76,645	994,045	10,960
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	177,495	158,185	19,305	168,620	8,880	176,375	1,115
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	27,245	22,820	4,425	24,970	2,275	26,940	300
Chinese	29,235	24,265	4,970	27,000	2,235	29,005	230
Black	43,190	40,080	3,105	42,050	1,140	43,080	110
Filipino	8,800	8,210	590	8,615	185	8,780	20
Latin American	12,030	11,220	805	11,600	425	11,955	70
Arab	28,660	26,230	2,430	27,435	1,230	28,420	240
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	12,080	10,810	1,275	11,505	575	12,040	45
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	6,550	5,925	620	6,215	335	6,495	55
Korean	1,800	1,620	185	1,720	80	1,795	0
Japanese	1,655	1,360	295	1,540	115	1,650	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	1,900	1,745	155	1,815	80	1,890	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	4,350	3,890	460	4,140	210	4,330	20
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	827,515	688,975	138,540	759,740	67,770	817,665	9,845
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,365	76,645	994,045	10,960
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	773,530	647,535	126,000	712,895	60,635	764,920	8,610
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	220,635	189,380	31,250	204,890	15,745	218,400	2,240
Before 1981	65,210	52,360	12,850	57,895	7,315	64,015	1,190
1981 to 1990	35,930	30,050	5,880	32,900	3,030	35,475	450
1991 to 2000	58,915	50,475	8,440	55,265	3,650	58,555	360
2001 to 2009	52,110	48,150	3,960	50,425	1,685	51,895	215
2001 to 2005	28,625	25,820	2,800	27,520	1,100	28,505	125
2006 to 2009	23,480	22,320	1,155	22,895	585	23,385	95
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,640	994,045	10,960
English	488,280	397,920	90,365	442,655	45,630	481,040	7,240
French	313,640	272,085	41,560	295,110	18,530	311,570	2,070
Non-official language	185,660	161,465	24,195	173,950	11,710	184,080	1,580
Aboriginal	500	445	60	470	30	495	0
Non-Aboriginal	185,160	161,025	24,135	173,480	11,680	183,585	1,575
English and French	4,365	3,995	370	4,180	180	4,355	0
English and non-official language	9,235	8,210	1,030	8,800	440	9,175	60
French and non-official language	3,440	3,125	315	3,290	150	3,440	0
English, French and non-official language	390	370	15	375	0	380	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	1,005,010	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,640	994,045	10,960
English	644,615	532,230	112,390	588,285	56,330	635,965	8,650
French	332,385	289,265	43,125	313,215	19,175	330,245	2,140
English and French	18,855	16,695	2,160	17,800	1,055	18,705	150
Neither English nor French	9,145	8,970	175	9,065	80	9,125	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,365	76,645	994,045	10,960
No certificate, diploma or degree	151,940	149,740	2,205	150,900	1,040	151,785	160
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	233,695	218,380	15,315	227,130	6,565	232,950	745
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	619,365	479,040	140,325	550,330	69,040	609,310	10,060
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,690	266,315	36,380	287,880	14,810	301,155	1,535
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	73,190	68,200	4,985	71,215	1,970	72,930	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	188,590	164,125	24,470	178,865	9,725	187,705	890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	40,910	33,985	6,920	37,800	3,115	40,520	390
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	316,675	212,725	103,945	262,450	54,225	308,155	8,520
Bachelor's degree	187,805	135,560	52,245	162,980	24,825	184,465	3,340
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	128,880	77,170	51,705	99,475	29,405	123,695	5,190
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,640	994,045	10,960
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	385,635	368,120	17,520	378,030	7,605	384,735	905
Education	40,380	32,390	7,990	38,190	2,185	40,220	160
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,915	19,160	1,755	20,345	565	20,875	40
Humanities	43,705	35,430	8,275	40,085	3,620	43,340	360
Social and behavioural sciences and law	97,565	72,815	24,750	84,675	12,890	95,335	2,225
Business, management and public administration	130,370	100,190	30,185	114,550	15,825	127,970	2,405
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,130	21,270	8,865	25,795	4,340	29,650	480
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	41,425	28,670	12,750	35,440	5,990	40,870	555
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	103,820	76,375	27,450	88,840	14,985	102,100	1,725
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,140	7,430	1,715	8,440	700	9,075	70
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	72,005	58,815	13,190	65,585	6,415	70,095	1,910
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,800	26,425	3,380	28,295	1,510	29,690	120
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	90	65	25	80	0	90	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,360	76,645	994,045	10,960
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	263,060	253,135	9,925	259,140	3,915	262,505	550
All industries^{Footnote 54}	741,950	594,025	147,925	669,225	72,725	731,535	10,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,780	3,590	195	3,710	80	3,775	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	725	545	185	590	140	680	45
22 Utilities	2,740	1,655	1,085	2,200	540	2,675	70
23 Construction	38,915	34,625	4,290	36,730	2,185	38,435	480
31-33 Manufacturing	25,640	19,715	5,925	22,305	3,340	25,195	450
41 Wholesale trade	17,565	12,205	5,360	14,070	3,490	16,970	595
44-45 Retail trade	76,300	72,830	3,465	74,555	1,745	75,965	335
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	21,745	18,510	3,235	20,145	1,595	21,525	220
51 Information and cultural industries	18,435	13,555	4,885	15,735	2,705	18,030	405
52 Finance and insurance	22,755	17,155	5,600	19,600	3,155	22,030	725
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,690	9,675	2,015	10,495	1,200	11,270	425
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	63,330	42,510	20,820	50,650	12,675	60,720	2,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	365	280	80	310	60	345	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	29,860	28,205	1,655	29,020	835	29,735	125
61 Educational services	58,495	47,025	11,465	54,870	3,625	58,235	255
62 Health care and social assistance	76,225	65,260	10,965	71,185	5,035	74,680	1,545
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	16,390	15,445	945	15,945	445	16,355	35
72 Accommodation and food services	46,565	45,845	720	46,180	385	46,485	80
81 Other services (except public administration)	33,340	29,745	3,595	31,540	1,800	33,055	280
91 Public administration	177,090	115,645	61,440	149,390	27,695	175,370	1,720
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	1,005,005	847,160	157,845	928,365	76,645	994,045	10,960
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	263,055	253,135	9,920	259,140	3,920	262,510	550
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	741,950	594,025	147,925	669,220	72,725	731,540	10,410
0 Management occupations	85,640	45,745	39,890	60,485	25,155	81,760	3,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	150,625	128,175	22,450	140,800	9,830	149,210	1,415
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	80,885	49,150	31,745	65,875	15,015	79,795	1,095
3 Health occupations	42,275	32,880	9,400	37,520	4,755	40,620	1,660
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	114,205	84,135	30,070	102,100	12,105	112,675	1,535
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	28,880	26,020	2,860	27,930	950	28,815	60
6 Sales and service occupations	160,150	154,370	5,780	157,205	2,945	159,625	525
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	63,440	58,660	4,780	61,875	1,560	63,220	220
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,665	6,485	185	6,560	110	6,640	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,175	8,405	775	8,880	300	9,170	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Return to footnote 3 referrer

The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56