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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural, Income and Labour Characteristics (334) and Low-income Geographic Concentration in 2010 (6) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Census Metropolitan Areas and Tracted Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

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This table details selected demographic, sociocultural, income and labour characteristics and low-income geographic concentration in 2010 for the population in private households in Oshawa
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 1 = 28.3 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural, income and labour characteristics (334) Low-income geographic concentration in 2010 (6)
Total - Low-income geographic concentration in 2010Footnote 2 Applicable census tractsFootnote 3 Prevalence of low income less than 30% in census tract Prevalence of low income 30% or more in census tract Prevalence of low income 40% or more in census tract Outside applicable census tractsFootnote 4
Number of census tractsFootnote 5 74 71 70 1 0 3
Total - Sex and age groupsFootnote 6 351,690 340,515 335,520 5,000 0 11,175
Less than 15 years 66,165 64,265 63,380 885 0 1,905
15 to 24 years 49,515 47,905 47,000 905 0 1,610
25 to 54 years 153,625 148,695 146,770 1,925 0 4,930
25 to 34 years 42,505 40,950 40,165 780 0 1,560
35 to 44 years 50,860 49,380 48,885 495 0 1,480
45 to 54 years 60,260 58,365 57,715 650 0 1,895
55 to 64 years 41,005 39,635 39,110 520 0 1,375
65 years and over 41,375 40,020 39,265 760 0 1,350
65 to 74 years 23,710 22,960 22,600 360 0 755
75 years and over 17,665 17,065 16,665 400 0 595
Male 172,320 166,875 164,605 2,275 0 5,440
Less than 15 years 33,780 32,885 32,425 460 0 895
15 to 24 years 26,040 25,175 24,715 465 0 870
25 to 54 years 74,165 71,785 70,845 935 0 2,375
25 to 34 years 20,905 20,140 19,715 425 0 765
35 to 44 years 23,835 23,085 22,885 200 0 750
45 to 54 years 29,420 28,560 28,245 315 0 865
55 to 64 years 19,560 18,815 18,630 180 0 745
65 years and over 18,780 18,225 17,985 240 0 555
65 to 74 years 11,275 10,900 10,780 125 0 370
75 years and over 7,500 7,320 7,210 115 0 180
Female 179,370 173,635 170,920 2,720 0 5,730
Less than 15 years 32,390 31,380 30,950 425 0 1,010
15 to 24 years 23,475 22,730 22,290 440 0 745
25 to 54 years 79,465 76,910 75,920 990 0 2,550
25 to 34 years 21,605 20,810 20,455 355 0 795
35 to 44 years 27,020 26,300 26,000 295 0 725
45 to 54 years 30,835 29,805 29,470 335 0 1,035
55 to 64 years 21,445 20,815 20,475 340 0 630
65 years and over 22,590 21,800 21,280 525 0 795
65 to 74 years 12,435 12,060 11,820 240 0 380
75 years and over 10,160 9,740 9,460 290 0 420
Population in private households by marital statusFootnote 7 351,690 340,515 335,520 4,995 0 11,175
Married or living with a common-law partner 169,255 165,275 163,730 1,545 0 3,985
Married (and not separated) 143,920 141,325 140,205 1,125 0 2,595
Living common law 25,335 23,950 23,525 425 0 1,390
Not married and not living with a common-law partner 182,435 175,240 171,790 3,450 0 7,190
Single (never legally married) 142,855 137,825 135,510 2,315 0 5,025
Separated 10,115 9,515 9,205 315 0 600
Divorced 16,305 15,325 14,910 415 0 980
Widowed 13,160 12,570 12,170 405 0 585
Persons in economic families by family structure and presence and age of childrenFootnote 8 314,330 305,720 302,170 3,550 0 8,610
Couple family 265,125 259,490 257,295 2,200 0 5,635
Couple only 60,955 59,080 58,305 775 0 1,875
Couple with children 200,415 196,865 195,490 1,375 0 3,550
With children under 18 years 150,675 147,740 146,455 1,285 0 2,935
Without children under 6 years 86,365 84,950 84,415 535 0 1,415
With children under 6 years 64,310 62,790 62,035 755 0 1,520
Couple with other relatives only 3,755 3,550 3,505 50 0 205
Lone-parent family 42,635 40,035 38,750 1,290 0 2,600
Female-parent family 34,825 32,705 31,610 1,095 0 2,120
Female-parent family with no other relatives 32,965 30,845 29,780 1,065 0 2,125
With children under 18 years 22,115 20,540 19,790 750 0 1,570
Without children under 6 years 15,280 14,370 14,020 350 0 910
With children under 6 years 6,835 6,170 5,765 400 0 665
Male-parent family 7,810 7,335 7,140 200 0 475
Male-parent family with no other relatives 7,520 7,075 6,900 180 0 440
With children under 18 years 4,170 3,810 3,775 0 0 360
Without children under 6 years 3,445 3,155 3,120 0 0 290
With children under 6 years 725 655 655 0 0 65
Other economic familyFootnote 9 6,565 6,190 6,125 65 0 375
Persons not in economic families aged 15 years and overFootnote 10 37,365 34,795 33,350 1,445 0 2,565
Less than 65 years 26,760 24,885 23,870 1,015 0 1,880
65 years and over 10,600 9,915 9,480 430 0 690
Total - Income status based on after-tax low-income measureFootnote 11 351,690 340,515 335,520 5,000 0 11,175
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure 351,690 340,520 335,520 4,995 0 11,170
Low-income population 37,630 34,185 32,645 1,540 0 3,445
Prevalence of low income % 10.7 10.0 9.7 30.8 not applicable ... 30.8
Low-income concentration ratio %Footnote 12 not applicable ... not applicable ... not applicable ... 4.5 0.0 not applicable ...
Other population 314,055 306,330 302,875 3,455 0 7,725
Concept not applicableFootnote 13 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population in private households by citizenshipFootnote 14 351,690 340,515 335,520 4,995 0 11,170
Canadian citizens 342,505 331,550 326,820 4,735 0 10,950
Canadian citizens aged under 18 80,985 78,605 77,605 995 0 2,380
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 261,520 252,950 249,215 3,735 0 8,575
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 15 9,180 8,960 8,705 260 0 220
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 16 351,690 340,515 335,520 5,000 0 11,170
Non-immigrantsFootnote 17 294,415 284,385 280,110 4,280 0 10,030
ImmigrantsFootnote 18 56,175 55,055 54,395 660 0 1,115
Before 1971 19,075 18,615 18,460 155 0 460
1971 to 1980 10,270 10,060 9,930 135 0 205
1981 to 1990 8,570 8,420 8,365 55 0 145
1991 to 2000 9,255 9,035 8,965 70 0 220
2001 to 2011Footnote 19 9,010 8,925 8,680 245 0 80
2001 to 2005 4,930 4,870 4,785 85 0 60
2006 to 2011Footnote 20 4,080 4,050 3,895 160 0 25
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 21 1,100 1,070 1,015 55 0 35
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigrationFootnote 22 56,175 55,060 54,400 665 0 1,115
Under 5 years 7,470 7,325 7,255 70 0 150
5 to 14 years 11,770 11,600 11,480 120 0 170
15 to 24 years 14,550 14,280 14,125 155 0 270
25 to 44 years 19,870 19,430 19,120 305 0 440
45 years and over 2,515 2,430 2,415 0 0 85
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birthFootnote 23 351,690 340,515 335,520 4,995 0 11,175
Non-immigrantsFootnote 24 294,415 284,385 280,110 4,280 0 10,030
Born in province of residence 263,530 254,990 251,110 3,885 0 8,540
Born outside province of residence 30,880 29,395 29,000 395 0 1,485
ImmigrantsFootnote 25 56,175 55,060 54,395 665 0 1,115
Americas 12,215 12,030 11,885 145 0 185
United States 2,025 1,980 1,950 30 0 40
Jamaica 3,130 3,065 3,030 30 0 65
Guyana 1,715 1,705 1,690 15 0 0
Haiti 60 60 55 0 0 0
Mexico 230 230 230 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 1,950 1,940 1,925 20 0 0
Colombia 260 255 260 0 0 0
El Salvador 185 180 175 0 0 0
Peru 110 110 110 0 0 0
Chile 165 160 145 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Americas 2,400 2,335 2,320 0 0 65
Europe 29,390 28,690 28,445 245 0 705
United KingdomFootnote 26 13,205 12,920 12,800 120 0 290
Italy 2,260 2,235 2,230 0 0 25
Germany 1,890 1,840 1,825 0 0 50
Poland 2,460 2,325 2,305 25 0 135
Portugal 1,080 1,060 1,045 0 0 20
Netherlands 1,800 1,735 1,720 0 0 70
France 190 190 190 0 0 0
Romania 555 560 555 0 0 0
Russian Federation 425 410 410 0 0 0
Greece 705 700 700 0 0 0
Ukraine 455 425 410 0 0 30
Croatia 285 285 275 0 0 0
Hungary 565 555 540 0 0 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 75 80 80 0 0 0
Serbia 345 345 340 0 0 0
Ireland, Republic of 760 755 755 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Europe 2,330 2,270 2,260 0 0 60
Africa 2,360 2,350 2,260 85 0 0
Morocco 35 30 35 0 0 0
Algeria 15 15 15 0 0 0
Egypt 395 395 310 85 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 405 405 405 0 0 0
Nigeria 340 335 335 0 0 0
Ethiopia 80 80 80 0 0 0
Kenya 205 190 195 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Africa 895 895 895 0 0 0
Asia 11,920 11,765 11,590 180 0 155
India 2,040 2,005 1,965 35 0 35
ChinaFootnote 27 1,350 1,315 1,305 0 0 35
Philippines 2,535 2,530 2,520 0 0 0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 485 485 485 0 0 0
Viet NamFootnote 28 395 370 370 0 0 0
Pakistan 1,210 1,195 1,160 40 0 0
Sri Lanka 745 740 735 0 0 0
IranFootnote 29 385 375 370 0 0 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 30 495 490 485 0 0 0
Lebanon 260 255 255 0 0 0
Taiwan 45 45 45 0 0 0
Iraq 145 145 145 0 0 0
Bangladesh 210 205 205 0 0 0
Afghanistan 575 560 505 0 0 0
Japan 40 40 40 0 0 0
Turkey 50 50 50 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Asia 975 960 940 0 0 0
Oceania and otherFootnote 31 285 230 220 0 0 0
Fiji 30 25 30 0 0 0
Other places of birthFootnote 32 255 200 190 0 0 0
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 33 1,100 1,070 1,010 55 0 30
Total population in private households by generation statusFootnote 34 351,690 340,520 335,520 4,995 0 11,175
First generationFootnote 35 57,915 56,770 56,050 720 0 1,145
Second generationFootnote 36 76,775 75,105 74,285 815 0 1,670
Third generation or moreFootnote 37 216,995 208,645 205,175 3,470 0 8,355
Total population in private households by visible minorityFootnote 38 351,685 340,515 335,525 4,995 0 11,175
Total visible minority populationFootnote 39 41,615 40,875 40,210 660 0 740
South AsianFootnote 40 9,195 9,030 8,940 85 0 165
Chinese 3,920 3,765 3,720 50 0 150
Black 14,015 13,680 13,485 200 0 335
Filipino 4,155 4,155 4,145 0 0 0
Latin American 2,350 2,325 2,270 60 0 25
Arab 1,275 1,275 1,170 100 0 0
Southeast AsianFootnote 41 875 840 840 0 0 35
West AsianFootnote 42 1,095 1,070 990 0 0 20
Korean 700 695 690 0 0 0
Japanese 485 485 485 0 0 0
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 43 1,615 1,620 1,595 20 0 0
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 44 1,950 1,935 1,880 60 0 0
Not a visible minorityFootnote 45 310,070 299,640 295,310 4,335 0 10,430
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity 351,685 340,515 335,520 4,995 0 11,170
Aboriginal identityFootnote 46 6,090 5,780 5,675 110 0 305
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 47 3,655 3,470 3,385 85 0 190
Métis single identity 2,020 1,920 1,900 25 0 105
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 125 125 125 0 0 0
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 48 30 35 35 0 0 0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 49 255 235 235 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal identity 345,595 334,735 329,845 4,885 0 10,865
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian statusFootnote 50 351,690 340,520 335,520 4,995 0 11,170
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 51 1,570 1,545 1,525 20 0 25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 350,120 338,975 333,995 4,975 0 11,150
Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 52 351,685 340,520 335,520 5,000 0 11,175
Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 53 12,270 11,675 11,460 215 0 590
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestryFootnote 54 9,685 9,225 9,030 195 0 460
Métis ancestry 2,535 2,410 2,385 25 0 125
Inuit ancestry 225 210 215 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyFootnote 55 339,420 328,840 324,060 4,780 0 10,580
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 56 351,685 340,515 335,520 5,000 0 11,175
English 307,790 297,840 293,395 4,440 0 9,950
French 6,130 5,815 5,750 70 0 310
Non-official language 34,565 33,725 33,255 475 0 840
Aboriginal 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 34,550 33,710 33,240 470 0 840
English and French 270 235 225 0 0 35
English and non-official language 2,810 2,780 2,775 0 0 30
French and non-official language 125 120 120 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 57 351,690 340,520 335,520 5,000 0 11,175
English 343,925 333,100 328,190 4,915 0 10,825
French 5,995 5,690 5,620 65 0 305
English and French 550 545 535 0 0 0
Neither English nor French 1,215 1,180 1,180 0 0 35
Total - Mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 58 347,700 336,740 331,765 4,975 0 10,965
Non-movers 310,280 301,020 297,385 3,635 0 9,260
Movers 37,420 35,720 34,380 1,340 0 1,705
Non-migrants 17,980 16,925 15,970 950 0 1,055
Migrants 19,445 18,800 18,410 385 0 645
Internal migrants 18,305 17,665 17,295 370 0 645
Intraprovincial migrants 17,100 16,505 16,180 325 0 590
Interprovincial migrants 1,205 1,160 1,115 40 0 50
External migrants 1,140 1,135 1,110 20 0 0
Total - Mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 59 330,840 320,370 315,740 4,630 0 10,470
Non-movers 211,510 206,185 204,250 1,940 0 5,320
Movers 119,330 114,185 111,490 2,695 0 5,150
Non-migrants 56,870 54,180 52,660 1,525 0 2,690
Migrants 62,465 60,005 58,835 1,170 0 2,460
Internal migrants 58,240 55,865 54,775 1,085 0 2,380
Intraprovincial migrants 54,785 52,595 51,610 985 0 2,190
Interprovincial migrants 3,460 3,265 3,165 100 0 195
External migrants 4,215 4,140 4,055 85 0 80
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 60 285,520 276,250 272,145 4,110 0 9,270
No certificate, diploma or degree 53,040 49,835 48,525 1,310 0 3,205
High school diploma or equivalentFootnote 61 84,930 81,785 80,475 1,310 0 3,150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 62 147,555 144,640 143,150 1,490 0 2,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaFootnote 63 22,475 21,595 21,210 385 0 880
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 71,555 69,945 69,185 760 0 1,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 64 8,730 8,565 8,515 50 0 165
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 44,795 44,530 44,240 295 0 265
Bachelor's degree 30,400 30,195 30,015 185 0 205
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelFootnote 65 14,390 14,335 14,230 110 0 55
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 66 194,635 188,330 185,880 2,445 0 6,310
No certificate, diploma or degree 19,680 17,970 17,300 665 0 1,710
High school diploma or equivalentFootnote 67 54,095 51,785 51,070 715 0 2,310
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 68 120,865 118,570 117,510 1,060 0 2,290
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaFootnote 69 16,215 15,670 15,425 245 0 550
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 59,720 58,340 57,770 575 0 1,375
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 70 6,870 6,725 6,690 35 0 145
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 38,055 37,835 37,625 210 0 215
Bachelor's degree 25,585 25,415 25,300 115 0 175
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelFootnote 71 12,465 12,425 12,325 100 0 45
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011Footnote 72 285,520 276,250 272,145 4,110 0 9,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 73 137,970 131,615 128,995 2,620 0 6,355
Education 10,660 10,595 10,535 55 0 70
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 5,540 5,410 5,350 55 0 130
Humanities 6,560 6,485 6,450 40 0 75
Social and behavioural sciences and law 16,600 16,370 16,195 170 0 230
Business, management and public administration 31,885 31,220 30,960 260 0 670
Physical and life sciences and technologies 4,585 4,555 4,520 30 0 35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 5,985 5,855 5,805 50 0 130
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 31,590 30,800 30,520 280 0 790
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2,005 1,980 1,940 40 0 25
Health and related fieldsFootnote 74 21,685 21,260 20,955 305 0 425
Personal, protective and transportation services 10,430 10,085 9,890 195 0 340
Other fields of studyFootnote 75 20 20 20 0 0 0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residenceFootnote 76 285,520 276,255 272,145 4,110 0 9,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 137,965 131,615 128,995 2,620 0 6,355
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 147,550 144,635 143,150 1,490 0 2,915
Location of study inside Canada 130,725 128,105 126,820 1,290 0 2,620
Same as province or territory of residence 122,415 120,010 118,785 1,225 0 2,410
Another province or territory 8,310 8,095 8,035 55 0 215
Location of study outside Canada 16,825 16,535 16,330 205 0 295
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force statusFootnote 77 285,525 276,255 272,140 4,110 0 9,270
In the labour force 194,075 188,790 186,670 2,120 0 5,285
Employed 176,850 172,390 170,660 1,730 0 4,460
Unemployed 17,225 16,400 16,010 395 0 825
Not in the labour force 91,450 87,460 85,475 1,985 0 3,985
Participation rate 68.0 68.3 68.6 51.6 0.0 57.0
Employment rate 61.9 62.4 62.7 42.1 0.0 48.1
Unemployment rate 8.9 8.7 8.6 18.6 0.0 15.6
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 78 285,520 276,250 272,140 4,110 0 9,270
Class of worker - not applicableFootnote 79 83,295 79,325 77,430 1,900 0 3,965
All classes of workerFootnote 80 202,225 196,920 194,710 2,210 0 5,300
Employee 186,130 181,065 178,935 2,140 0 5,065
Self-employedFootnote 81 16,095 15,855 15,785 75 0 240
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010Footnote 82 285,525 276,255 272,145 4,110 0 9,270
Did not work in 2010Footnote 83 89,360 85,255 83,225 2,025 0 4,105
Worked in 2010 196,160 191,000 188,915 2,085 0 5,160
1 to 13 weeks 13,850 13,350 13,180 170 0 500
14 to 26 weeks 15,660 15,210 14,910 300 0 450
27 to 39 weeks 11,270 10,930 10,790 140 0 340
40 to 48 weeks 25,505 24,910 24,640 270 0 590
49 to 52 weeks 129,880 126,595 125,395 1,200 0 3,285
Average weeks worked in 2010 44.1 44.1 44.1 41.5 0.0 42.6
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010Footnote 84 285,525 276,250 272,145 4,105 0 9,270
Did not work in 2010Footnote 85 89,360 85,255 83,225 2,030 0 4,110
Worked in 2010 196,160 191,000 188,915 2,085 0 5,160
Worked full-time in 2010 153,940 149,870 148,510 1,365 0 4,075
Worked part-time in 2010 42,215 41,130 40,415 715 0 1,085
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011Footnote 86 285,520 276,250 272,145 4,110 0 9,265
Occupation - not applicableFootnote 87 83,300 79,330 77,430 1,900 0 3,970
All occupationsFootnote 88 202,220 196,925 194,710 2,210 0 5,300
0 Management occupations 22,890 22,560 22,415 145 0 330
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 33,605 32,820 32,645 175 0 785
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 12,045 11,895 11,825 75 0 150
3 Health occupations 11,395 11,090 10,980 110 0 300
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 25,110 24,785 24,560 225 0 325
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 5,700 5,635 5,610 20 0 65
6 Sales and service occupations 48,890 47,085 46,160 925 0 1,805
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 29,395 28,245 27,840 405 0 1,150
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 2,745 2,680 2,630 50 0 70
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 10,455 10,135 10,045 90 0 320
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007Footnote 89 285,525 276,250 272,145 4,110 0 9,270
Industry - not applicableFootnote 90 83,295 79,325 77,430 1,900 0 3,970
All industriesFootnote 91 202,225 196,925 194,710 2,210 0 5,300
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 1,390 1,385 1,375 0 0 0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 240 225 225 0 0 0
22 Utilities 6,545 6,505 6,495 0 0 40
23 Construction 13,465 13,175 13,010 165 0 285
31-33 Manufacturing 19,570 18,965 18,845 120 0 605
41 Wholesale trade 9,390 9,160 9,105 60 0 225
44-45 Retail trade 24,770 23,995 23,565 435 0 770
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 9,155 8,775 8,605 170 0 375
51 Information and cultural industries 5,705 5,630 5,600 25 0 75
52 Finance and insurance 9,810 9,610 9,560 55 0 200
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 3,860 3,665 3,635 30 0 200
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 12,070 11,880 11,840 40 0 190
55 Management of companies and enterprises 155 160 155 0 0 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 10,065 9,550 9,380 170 0 510
61 Educational services 15,905 15,650 15,550 105 0 260
62 Health care and social assistance 21,485 20,865 20,595 270 0 625
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 4,630 4,470 4,425 50 0 155
72 Accommodation and food services 11,910 11,460 11,070 390 0 450
81 Other services (except public administration) 8,230 8,090 7,995 95 0 135
91 Public administration 13,880 13,700 13,675 25 0 180

Symbol(s)

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not available for a specific reference period

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not applicable

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suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

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too unreliable to be published

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Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Low-income concentration - For this analysis, the population in census tracts is classified based on their place of residence between 'applicable census tracts' and 'outside applicable census tracts.' A census tract is not applicable if all its population is excluded from the low-income concept.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Census tract - Area that is small and relatively stable. Census tracts usually have a population between 2,500 and 8,000 persons. They are located in census metropolitan areas and in census agglomerations that have a core population of 50,000 or more.

This includes census tracts where the low-income concepts were applicable for the whole population and the applicable parts of census tracts where the concepts are partly applicable. The population in scope for low- income measurement excludes residents of certain census subdivisions (CSDs). Where the census tract overlaps two CSDs with different types, the low-income concept may only be applicable to part of the full census tract population. In this analysis, the population living in the applicable part of the CT is included with the applicable census tracts. The census tract itself is counted only once under 'applicable census tracts' even if part of the population is counted under 'outside applicable census tracts.'

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Includes areas outside census tracts and census tracts where low-income concepts were not considered applicable for the whole census tract based on the census subdivision type(s). It also includes the population in the non-applicable part of a census tract when the census tract is partly applicable.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Census tract - Area that is small and relatively stable. Census tracts usually have a population between 2,500 and 8,000 persons. They are located in census metropolitan areas and in census agglomerations that have a core population of 50,000 or more.

The population in scope for low income measurement excludes residents of certain census subdivisions (CSDs). Where the census tract overlaps two CSDs with different types, the low-income concept may only be applicable to part of the full census tract population. Partly applicable census tracts are counted only once as 'applicable census tracts' even though the population outside the applicable part would be counted under 'outside applicable census tracts.'

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 10

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 11

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. The is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household. All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

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Footnote 12

Low-income concentration ratio - Low-income population expressed as share of the total low-income population in 'applicable census tracts.'

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Footnote 13

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

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Footnote 14

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 16

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 17

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 18

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 20

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 21

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 22

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 23

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 24

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 25

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 26

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 27

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 28

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 29

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 30

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 31

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 32

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 33

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 34

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 35

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 36

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 37

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 38

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 39

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 40

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 41

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 42

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 43

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 44

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 45

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 46

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 47

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 48

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 49

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 50

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 51

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian. 'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 52

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 53

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'

Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 54

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 55

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 56

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 57

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 58

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 59

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 60

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 61

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 62

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 63

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 64

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 65

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 66

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 67

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 68

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 69

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 70

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 71

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 72

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 73

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 74

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 75

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 76

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 77

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 78

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 79

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 80

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 81

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 82

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 83

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

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Footnote 84

Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

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Footnote 85

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

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Footnote 86

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 87

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 88

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 89

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 90

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 91

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011037.

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